Align the double fault stack through a new wrapper type

Make double fault handlers diverging

.cargo/config

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[build]
+target = "x86_64-blog_os.json"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "none")']
+runner = "bootimage runner"

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-[unstable]
-# build-std = ["core", "compiler_builtins"]
-
-[build]
-# target = "x86_64-blog_os.json"
-
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "none")']
-runner = "cargo run --manifest-path disk_image/Cargo.toml --bin runner --quiet"
-
-[alias]
-bootimage = "run --manifest-path disk_image/Cargo.toml --bin disk_image --quiet"

.github/workflows/build-code.yml

@@ -10,36 +10,11 @@ on:
   schedule:
     - cron: '40 3 * * *'   # every day at 3:40
   pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
 
 jobs:
-  check:
-    name: Check
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        platform: [
-          ubuntu-latest,
-          macos-latest,
-          windows-latest
-        ]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout Repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - name: Install Rust Toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly
-      - name: Install `rust-src` Rustup Component
-        run: rustup component add rust-src
-      - name: Run `cargo check`
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: check
-
   test:
-    name: Test
+    name: "Test"
+
     strategy:
       matrix:
         platform: [
@@ -47,86 +22,75 @@ jobs:
           macos-latest,
           windows-latest
         ]
+
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+
     steps:
-      - name: Install Rust Toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly
-      - name: Install bootimage
-        run: cargo install bootimage --debug
-      - name: Checkout Repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - name: Install Rustup Components
-        run: rustup component add rust-src llvm-tools-preview
-      - name: Run `cargo bootimage`
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: bootimage
+    - name: "Checkout Repository"
+      uses: actions/checkout@v1
 
-      # install QEMU
-      - name: Install QEMU (Linux)
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install qemu-system-x86
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-      - name: Install QEMU (macOS)
-        run: brew install qemu
-        if: runner.os == 'macOS'
-        env:
-          HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE: 1
-          HOMEBREW_NO_BOTTLE_SOURCE_FALLBACK: 1
-          HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP: 1
-      - name: Install Scoop (Windows)
-        run: |
-          Invoke-Expression (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://get.scoop.sh')
-          echo ::add-path::$HOME\scoop\shims
-        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
-        shell: pwsh
-      - name: Install QEMU (Windows)
-        run: scoop install qemu
-        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
-        shell: pwsh
-      - name: "Print QEMU Version"
-        run: qemu-system-x86_64 --version
+    - name: Install Rustup
+      run: |
+        curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain nightly
+        echo ::add-path::$HOME/.cargo/bin
+      if: runner.os == 'macOS'
 
-      - name: Run `cargo test`
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: test
+    - name: "Print Rust Version"
+      run: |
+        rustc -Vv
+        cargo -Vv
+
+    - name: "Install Rustup Components"
+      run: rustup component add rust-src llvm-tools-preview
+    - name: "Install cargo-xbuild"
+      run: cargo install cargo-xbuild --debug
+    - name: "Install bootimage"
+      run: cargo install bootimage --debug
+
+    - name: "Run cargo xbuild"
+      run: cargo xbuild
+    - name: "Create Bootimage"
+      run: cargo bootimage
+
+     # install QEMU
+    - name: Install QEMU (Linux)
+      run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install qemu-system-x86
+      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+    - name: Install QEMU (macOS)
+      run: brew install qemu
+      if: runner.os == 'macOS'
+      env:
+        HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE: 1
+        HOMEBREW_NO_BOTTLE_SOURCE_FALLBACK: 1
+        HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP: 1
+    - name: Install Scoop (Windows)
+      run: |
+        Invoke-Expression (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://get.scoop.sh')
+        echo ::add-path::$HOME\scoop\shims
+      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      shell: pwsh
+    - name: Install QEMU (Windows)
+      run: scoop install qemu
+      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      shell: pwsh
+    - name: "Print QEMU Version"
+      run: qemu-system-x86_64 --version
+
+    - name: "Run cargo xtest"
+      run: cargo xtest
 
   check_formatting:
-    name: Check Formatting
+    name: "Check Formatting"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 2
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout Repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - name: Install Rust Toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+    - name: "Use the latest Rust nightly with rustfmt"
+      uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+      with:
           toolchain: nightly
+          profile: minimal
           components: rustfmt
           override: true
-      - name: Run `cargo fmt`
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: fmt
-          args: --all -- --check
-
-  clippy:
-    name: Clippy
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout Repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - name: Install Rust Toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly
-          components: clippy, rust-src
-          override: true
-      - name: Run `cargo clippy`
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: clippy
+    - run: cargo fmt -- --check

Cargo.lock

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 [[package]]
-name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.32"
+name = "array-init"
+version = "0.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6b602bfe940d21c130f3895acd65221e8a61270debe89d628b9cb4e3ccb8569b"
+checksum = "23589ecb866b460d3a0f1278834750268c607e8e28a1b982c907219f3178cd72"
+dependencies = [
+ "nodrop",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bit_field"
@@ -24,58 +27,26 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bootloader",
  "lazy_static",
- "rlibc",
  "spin",
  "uart_16550",
  "volatile",
- "x86_64",
+ "x86_64 0.8.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bootloader"
-version = "0.9.8"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "bootloader-locator"
-version = "0.0.3"
-dependencies = [
- "cargo_metadata",
- "locate-cargo-manifest",
- "thiserror",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "cargo_metadata"
-version = "0.11.1"
+version = "0.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "89fec17b16f1ac67908af82e47d0a90a7afd0e1827b181cd77504323d3263d35"
-dependencies = [
- "semver",
- "serde",
- "serde_json",
-]
+checksum = "d596849a47f28abdea62d7a6a25c4f6e69c3d9b09b0a2877db6e9cda004ca993"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "disk_image"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "anyhow",
- "bootloader-locator",
- "locate-cargo-manifest",
- "runner-utils",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "itoa"
-version = "0.4.6"
+name = "cast"
+version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dc6f3ad7b9d11a0c00842ff8de1b60ee58661048eb8049ed33c73594f359d7e6"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "json"
-version = "0.12.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "078e285eafdfb6c4b434e0d31e8cfcb5115b651496faca5749b88fafd4f23bfd"
+checksum = "4b9434b9a5aa1450faa3f9cb14ea0e8c53bb5d2b3c1bfd1ab4fc03e9f33fbfb0"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustc_version",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
@@ -87,67 +58,27 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.76"
+name = "nodrop"
+version = "0.1.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "755456fae044e6fa1ebbbd1b3e902ae19e73097ed4ed87bb79934a867c007bc3"
+checksum = "72ef4a56884ca558e5ddb05a1d1e7e1bfd9a68d9ed024c21704cc98872dae1bb"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "locate-cargo-manifest"
-version = "0.2.0"
+name = "rustc_version"
+version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d264d672563b20c0a2eb9045f4072e1352002f6c316cc0677bed8b767e17b7e1"
+checksum = "138e3e0acb6c9fb258b19b67cb8abd63c00679d2851805ea151465464fe9030a"
 dependencies = [
- "json",
- "thiserror",
+ "semver",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.19"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "04f5f085b5d71e2188cb8271e5da0161ad52c3f227a661a3c135fdf28e258b12"
-dependencies = [
- "unicode-xid",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aa563d17ecb180e500da1cfd2b028310ac758de548efdd203e18f283af693f37"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rlibc"
-version = "1.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fc874b127765f014d792f16763a81245ab80500e2ad921ed4ee9e82481ee08fe"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "runner-utils"
-version = "0.0.2"
-dependencies = [
- "thiserror",
- "wait-timeout",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "ryu"
-version = "1.0.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "71d301d4193d031abdd79ff7e3dd721168a9572ef3fe51a1517aba235bd8f86e"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "semver"
-version = "0.10.0"
+version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "394cec28fa623e00903caf7ba4fa6fb9a0e260280bb8cdbbba029611108a0190"
+checksum = "1d7eb9ef2c18661902cc47e535f9bc51b78acd254da71d375c2f6720d9a40403"
 dependencies = [
  "semver-parser",
- "serde",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -156,111 +87,55 @@ version = "0.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "388a1df253eca08550bef6c72392cfe7c30914bf41df5269b68cbd6ff8f570a3"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.115"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e54c9a88f2da7238af84b5101443f0c0d0a3bbdc455e34a5c9497b1903ed55d5"
-dependencies = [
- "serde_derive",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.115"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "609feed1d0a73cc36a0182a840a9b37b4a82f0b1150369f0536a9e3f2a31dc48"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.57"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "164eacbdb13512ec2745fb09d51fd5b22b0d65ed294a1dcf7285a360c80a675c"
-dependencies = [
- "itoa",
- "ryu",
- "serde",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "spin"
 version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6e63cff320ae2c57904679ba7cb63280a3dc4613885beafb148ee7bf9aa9042d"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "syn"
-version = "1.0.39"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "891d8d6567fe7c7f8835a3a98af4208f3846fba258c1bc3c31d6e506239f11f9"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "unicode-xid",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "thiserror"
-version = "1.0.20"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7dfdd070ccd8ccb78f4ad66bf1982dc37f620ef696c6b5028fe2ed83dd3d0d08"
-dependencies = [
- "thiserror-impl",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "1.0.20"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bd80fc12f73063ac132ac92aceea36734f04a1d93c1240c6944e23a3b8841793"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "uart_16550"
-version = "0.2.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e58fc40dc1712664fc9b0a7bd8ca2f21ab49960924fb245a80a05e1e92f3dfe9"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
- "x86_64",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "unicode-xid"
 version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f7fe0bb3479651439c9112f72b6c505038574c9fbb575ed1bf3b797fa39dd564"
+checksum = "803ea8cb602dbb32c1a657a866d2dd79fe7dbeab0fb2ac667cb4dcc7de12a58b"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "x86_64 0.7.7",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ux"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "88dfeb711b61ce620c0cb6fd9f8e3e678622f0c971da2a63c4b3e25e88ed012f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "volatile"
-version = "0.4.0-alpha.00"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9a1da81878b88e2b57ca8b3d62c0c3e9979d9531cfe0e6d1c094174d8458eac6"
+checksum = "6af0edf5b4faacc31fc51159244d78d65ec580f021afcef7bd53c04aeabc7f29"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "wait-timeout"
-version = "0.2.0"
+name = "x86_64"
+version = "0.7.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9f200f5b12eb75f8c1ed65abd4b2db8a6e1b138a20de009dacee265a2498f3f6"
+checksum = "1f27d9168654aee1b0c1b73746caeb4aa33248f8b8c8f6e100e697fcc2a794b2"
 dependencies = [
- "libc",
+ "array-init",
+ "bit_field",
+ "bitflags",
+ "cast",
+ "ux",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "x86_64"
-version = "0.11.0"
+version = "0.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "365de37eb7c6da582cbb510dd0f3f1235d24ff6309a8a96e8a9909cc9bfd608f"
+checksum = "f21672dcbed52bc09eea030d189600c0189c66c97bc5b31779eb780e064a201f"
 dependencies = [
+ "array-init",
  "bit_field",
  "bitflags",
+ "cast",
 ]

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,21 +4,19 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["Philipp Oppermann <dev@phil-opp.com>"]
 edition = "2018"
 
-[workspace]
-members = [
-    "disk_image",
-]
-
 [[test]]
 name = "should_panic"
 harness = false
 
+[[test]]
+name = "stack_overflow"
+harness = false
+
 [dependencies]
-bootloader = { path = "../../uefi-test"}
-rlibc = "1.0.0"
-volatile = "0.4.0-alpha"
+bootloader = "0.8.0"
+volatile = "0.2.6"
 spin = "0.5.2"
-x86_64 = "0.11.0"
+x86_64 = "0.8.1"
 uart_16550 = "0.2.0"
 
 [dependencies.lazy_static]

README.md

@@ -1,32 +1,28 @@
-# Blog OS (Testing)
+# Blog OS (Double Faults)
 
-[![Build Status](https://github.com/phil-opp/blog_os/workflows/Build%20Code/badge.svg?branch=post-04)](https://github.com/phil-opp/blog_os/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Build+Code%22+branch%3Apost-04)
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/phil-opp/blog_os/workflows/Build%20Code/badge.svg?branch=post-06)](https://github.com/phil-opp/blog_os/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Build+Code%22+branch%3Apost-06)
 
-This repository contains the source code for the [Testing][post] post of the [Writing an OS in Rust](https://os.phil-opp.com) series.
+This repository contains the source code for the [Double Faults][post] post of the [Writing an OS in Rust](https://os.phil-opp.com) series.
 
-[post]: https://os.phil-opp.com/testing/
+[post]: https://os.phil-opp.com/double-fault-exceptions/
 
 **Check out the [master branch](https://github.com/phil-opp/blog_os) for more information.**
 
 ## Building
 
-This project requires a nightly version of Rust because it uses some unstable features. At least nightly _2020-07-15_ is required for building. You might need to run `rustup update nightly --force` to update to the latest nightly even if some components such as `rustfmt` are missing it.
-
-You can build the project by running:
+You need a nightly Rust compiler. First you need to install the `cargo-xbuild` and `bootimage` tools:
 
 ```
-cargo build
+cargo install cargo-xbuild bootimage
 ```
 
-To create a bootable disk image from the compiled kernel, you need to install the [`bootimage`] tool:
-
-[`bootimage`]: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootimage
+Then you can build the project by running:
 
 ```
-cargo install bootimage
+cargo xbuild
 ```
 
-After installing, you can create the bootable disk image by running:
+To create a bootable disk image, run:
 
 ```
 cargo bootimage
@@ -43,10 +39,10 @@ You can run the disk image in [QEMU] through:
 [QEMU]: https://www.qemu.org/
 
 ```
-cargo run
+cargo xrun
 ```
 
-[QEMU] and the [`bootimage`] tool need to be installed for this.
+Of course [QEMU] needs to be installed for this.
 
 You can also write the image to an USB stick for booting it on a real machine. On Linux, the command for this is:
 

disk_image/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "disk_image"
-version = "0.1.0"
-authors = ["Philipp Oppermann <dev@phil-opp.com>"]
-edition = "2018"
-
-# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
-
-[dependencies]
-anyhow = "1.0.32"
-bootloader-locator = {path = "../../../bootloader-locator"}
-runner-utils = { path = "../../../runner-utils/" }
-locate-cargo-manifest = "0.2.0"

disk_image/src/bin/runner.rs

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-use anyhow::anyhow;
-use std::{
-    path::PathBuf,
-    process::{Command, ExitStatus},
-    time::Duration,
-};
-
-const RUN_ARGS: &[&str] = &["-d", "int", "--no-reboot", "-s"];
-const TEST_ARGS: &[&str] = &[
-    "-device",
-    "isa-debug-exit,iobase=0xf4,iosize=0x04",
-    "-serial",
-    "stdio",
-    "-display",
-    "none",
-    "--no-reboot",
-];
-const TEST_TIMEOUT_SECS: u64 = 10;
-
-fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let kernel_binary_path = {
-        let path = PathBuf::from(std::env::args().nth(1).unwrap());
-        path.canonicalize()?
-    };
-
-    let disk_image = disk_image::create_disk_image(&kernel_binary_path, true)?;
-
-    let mut run_cmd = Command::new("qemu-system-x86_64");
-    run_cmd
-        .arg("-drive")
-        .arg(format!("format=raw,file={}", disk_image.display()));
-
-    let binary_kind = runner_utils::binary_kind(&kernel_binary_path);
-    if binary_kind.is_test() {
-        run_cmd.args(TEST_ARGS);
-
-        let exit_status = run_test_command(run_cmd)?;
-        match exit_status.code() {
-            Some(33) => {} // success
-            other => return Err(anyhow!("Test failed (exit code: {:?})", other)),
-        }
-    } else {
-        run_cmd.args(RUN_ARGS);
-
-        let exit_status = run_cmd.status()?;
-        if !exit_status.success() {
-            std::process::exit(exit_status.code().unwrap_or(1));
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn run_test_command(mut cmd: Command) -> anyhow::Result<ExitStatus> {
-    let status = runner_utils::run_with_timeout(&mut cmd, Duration::from_secs(TEST_TIMEOUT_SECS))?;
-    Ok(status)
-}

disk_image/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-use anyhow::anyhow;
-use std::{
-    path::{Path, PathBuf},
-    process::Command,
-};
-
-pub fn create_disk_image(kernel_binary_path: &Path, bios_only: bool) -> anyhow::Result<PathBuf> {
-    let bootloader_info = bootloader_locator::locate_bootloader()?;
-    let kernel_manifest_path = &bootloader_info.kernel_manifest_path;
-
-    let mut build_cmd = Command::new(env!("CARGO"));
-    build_cmd.current_dir(bootloader_info.package.manifest_path.parent().unwrap());
-    build_cmd.arg("builder");
-    build_cmd
-        .arg("--kernel-manifest")
-        .arg(&kernel_manifest_path);
-    build_cmd.arg("--kernel-binary").arg(&kernel_binary_path);
-    build_cmd
-        .arg("--target-dir")
-        .arg(kernel_manifest_path.parent().unwrap().join("target"));
-    build_cmd
-        .arg("--out-dir")
-        .arg(kernel_binary_path.parent().unwrap());
-    build_cmd.arg("--quiet");
-    if bios_only {
-        build_cmd.arg("--firmware").arg("bios");
-    }
-
-    if !build_cmd.status()?.success() {
-        return Err(anyhow!("build failed"));
-    }
-
-    let kernel_binary_name = kernel_binary_path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap();
-    let disk_image = kernel_binary_path
-        .parent()
-        .unwrap()
-        .join(format!("bootimage-bios-{}.bin", kernel_binary_name));
-    if !disk_image.exists() {
-        return Err(anyhow!(
-            "Disk image does not exist at {} after bootloader build",
-            disk_image.display()
-        ));
-    }
-    Ok(disk_image)
-}

disk_image/src/main.rs

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-use anyhow::anyhow;
-use std::process::Command;
-
-const TARGET_NAME: &str = "x86_64-blog_os";
-const KERNEL_BINARIES: &[&str] = &["blog_os"];
-
-fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    // build all binaries
-    let mut build_cmd = Command::new(env!("CARGO"));
-    build_cmd.arg("build");
-    build_cmd.arg("--release");
-    build_cmd.arg("-Zbuild-std=core");
-    build_cmd
-        .arg("--target")
-        .arg(format!("{}.json", TARGET_NAME));
-    if !build_cmd.status()?.success() {
-        return Err(anyhow!("build failed"));
-    };
-
-    let kernel_manifest = locate_cargo_manifest::locate_manifest()?;
-    let target_dir_root = kernel_manifest.parent().unwrap().join("target");
-    let target_dir = target_dir_root.join(TARGET_NAME).join("release");
-
-    for binary_name in KERNEL_BINARIES {
-        let binary_path = {
-            let path = target_dir.join(binary_name);
-            path.canonicalize()?
-        };
-
-        let disk_image = disk_image::create_disk_image(&binary_path, false)?;
-
-        println!(
-            "Created disk image for binary {} at {}",
-            binary_name,
-            disk_image.display()
-        );
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}

src/gdt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use x86_64::structures::gdt::{Descriptor, GlobalDescriptorTable, SegmentSelector};
+use x86_64::structures::tss::TaskStateSegment;
+use x86_64::VirtAddr;
+
+pub const DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX: u16 = 0;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref TSS: TaskStateSegment = {
+        let mut tss = TaskStateSegment::new();
+        tss.interrupt_stack_table[DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX as usize] = {
+            const STACK_SIZE: usize = 4096;
+
+            #[repr(align(16))]
+            struct Stack([u8; STACK_SIZE]);
+
+            static mut STACK: Stack = Stack([0; STACK_SIZE]);
+
+            let stack_start = VirtAddr::from_ptr(unsafe { &STACK });
+            let stack_end = stack_start + STACK_SIZE;
+            stack_end
+        };
+        tss
+    };
+}
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref GDT: (GlobalDescriptorTable, Selectors) = {
+        let mut gdt = GlobalDescriptorTable::new();
+        let code_selector = gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::kernel_code_segment());
+        let tss_selector = gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::tss_segment(&TSS));
+        (
+            gdt,
+            Selectors {
+                code_selector,
+                tss_selector,
+            },
+        )
+    };
+}
+
+struct Selectors {
+    code_selector: SegmentSelector,
+    tss_selector: SegmentSelector,
+}
+
+pub fn init() {
+    use x86_64::instructions::segmentation::set_cs;
+    use x86_64::instructions::tables::load_tss;
+
+    GDT.0.load();
+    unsafe {
+        set_cs(GDT.1.code_selector);
+        load_tss(GDT.1.tss_selector);
+    }
+}

src/interrupts.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+use crate::{gdt, println};
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame};
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref IDT: InterruptDescriptorTable = {
+        let mut idt = InterruptDescriptorTable::new();
+        idt.breakpoint.set_handler_fn(breakpoint_handler);
+        unsafe {
+            idt.double_fault
+                .set_handler_fn(double_fault_handler)
+                .set_stack_index(gdt::DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX);
+        }
+        idt
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn init_idt() {
+    IDT.load();
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame) {
+    println!("EXCEPTION: BREAKPOINT\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn double_fault_handler(
+    stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame,
+    _error_code: u64,
+) -> ! {
+    panic!("EXCEPTION: DOUBLE FAULT\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+use crate::{serial_print, serial_println};
+
+#[test_case]
+fn test_breakpoint_exception() {
+    serial_print!("test_breakpoint_exception...");
+    // invoke a breakpoint exception
+    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::int3();
+    serial_println!("[ok]");
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,35 +1,26 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![cfg_attr(test, no_main)]
 #![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
+#![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
 #![test_runner(crate::test_runner)]
 #![reexport_test_harness_main = "test_main"]
 
-extern crate rlibc;
-
 use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 
+pub mod gdt;
+pub mod interrupts;
 pub mod serial;
-//pub mod vga_buffer;
+pub mod vga_buffer;
 
-pub trait Testable {
-    fn run(&self) -> ();
+pub fn init() {
+    gdt::init();
+    interrupts::init_idt();
 }
 
-impl<T> Testable for T
-where
-    T: Fn(),
-{
-    fn run(&self) {
-        serial_print!("{}...\t", core::any::type_name::<T>());
-        self();
-        serial_println!("[ok]");
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn test_runner(tests: &[&dyn Testable]) {
+pub fn test_runner(tests: &[&dyn Fn()]) {
     serial_println!("Running {} tests", tests.len());
     for test in tests {
-        test.run();
+        test();
     }
     exit_qemu(QemuExitCode::Success);
 }
@@ -61,6 +52,7 @@ pub fn exit_qemu(exit_code: QemuExitCode) {
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
+    init();
     test_main();
     loop {}
 }

src/main.rs

@@ -4,36 +4,34 @@
 #![test_runner(blog_os::test_runner)]
 #![reexport_test_harness_main = "test_main"]
 
-use blog_os::serial_println;
-use core::{panic::PanicInfo, ptr, slice};
+use blog_os::println;
+use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 
 #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn _start(boot_info: &'static mut bootloader::boot_info::BootInfo) -> ! {
+pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
+    println!("Hello World{}", "!");
+
+    blog_os::init();
+
+    fn stack_overflow() {
+        stack_overflow(); // for each recursion, the return address is pushed
+    }
+
+    // uncomment line below to trigger a stack overflow
+    // stack_overflow();
+
     #[cfg(test)]
     test_main();
 
-    let mut framebuffer = {
-        let ptr = boot_info.framebuffer.start_addr as *mut u8;
-        let slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(ptr, boot_info.framebuffer.len) };
-        volatile::Volatile::new(slice)
-    };
-
-    //serial_println!("Hello World{}", "!");
-
-    for i in 0..boot_info.framebuffer.len {
-        framebuffer.index_mut(i).write(0x99);
-    }
-
-    loop {
-        x86_64::instructions::hlt();
-    }
+    println!("It did not crash!");
+    loop {}
 }
 
 /// This function is called on panic.
 #[cfg(not(test))]
 #[panic_handler]
 fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    serial_println!("{}", info);
+    println!("{}", info);
     loop {}
 }
 
@@ -42,8 +40,3 @@ fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
 fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
     blog_os::test_panic_handler(info)
 }
-
-#[test_case]
-fn trivial_assertion() {
-    assert_eq!(1, 1);
-}

src/vga_buffer.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use spin::Mutex;
 use volatile::Volatile;
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+use crate::{serial_print, serial_println};
+
 lazy_static! {
     /// A global `Writer` instance that can be used for printing to the VGA text buffer.
     ///
@@ -172,22 +175,30 @@ pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
 
 #[test_case]
 fn test_println_simple() {
+    serial_print!("test_println... ");
     println!("test_println_simple output");
+    serial_println!("[ok]");
 }
 
 #[test_case]
 fn test_println_many() {
+    serial_print!("test_println_many... ");
     for _ in 0..200 {
         println!("test_println_many output");
     }
+    serial_println!("[ok]");
 }
 
 #[test_case]
 fn test_println_output() {
+    serial_print!("test_println_output... ");
+
     let s = "Some test string that fits on a single line";
     println!("{}", s);
     for (i, c) in s.chars().enumerate() {
         let screen_char = WRITER.lock().buffer.chars[BUFFER_HEIGHT - 2][i].read();
         assert_eq!(char::from(screen_char.ascii_character), c);
     }
+
+    serial_println!("[ok]");
 }

tests/basic_boot.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #![test_runner(blog_os::test_runner)]
 #![reexport_test_harness_main = "test_main"]
 
+use blog_os::{println, serial_print, serial_println};
 use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 
 #[no_mangle] // don't mangle the name of this function
@@ -20,5 +21,7 @@ fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
 
 #[test_case]
 fn test_println() {
-    //println!("test_println output");
+    serial_print!("test_println... ");
+    println!("test_println output");
+    serial_println!("[ok]");
 }

tests/should_panic.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
 }
 
 fn should_fail() {
-    serial_print!("should_panic::should_fail...\t");
+    serial_print!("should_fail... ");
     assert_eq!(0, 1);
 }
 

tests/stack_overflow.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+#![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
+
+use blog_os::{exit_qemu, serial_print, serial_println, QemuExitCode};
+use core::panic::PanicInfo;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame};
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
+    serial_print!("stack_overflow... ");
+
+    blog_os::gdt::init();
+    init_test_idt();
+
+    // trigger a stack overflow
+    stack_overflow();
+
+    panic!("Execution continued after stack overflow");
+}
+
+#[allow(unconditional_recursion)]
+fn stack_overflow() {
+    stack_overflow(); // for each recursion, the return address is pushed
+}
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref TEST_IDT: InterruptDescriptorTable = {
+        let mut idt = InterruptDescriptorTable::new();
+        unsafe {
+            idt.double_fault
+                .set_handler_fn(test_double_fault_handler)
+                .set_stack_index(blog_os::gdt::DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX);
+        }
+
+        idt
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn init_test_idt() {
+    TEST_IDT.load();
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn test_double_fault_handler(
+    _stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame,
+    _error_code: u64,
+) -> ! {
+    serial_println!("[ok]");
+    exit_qemu(QemuExitCode::Success);
+    loop {}
+}
+
+#[panic_handler]
+fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    blog_os::test_panic_handler(info)
+}