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Move links down to avoid splitting list items
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@@ -648,20 +648,17 @@ Now that you know the very basics of OS development in Rust, you should also che
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- [Rust Bare-Bones Kernel]: A basic kernel with roughly the same functionality as ours. Writes output to the serial port instead of the VGA buffer and maps the kernel to the [higher half] \(instead of our identity mapping).
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_Note_: You need to [cross compile binutils] to build it (or you create some symbolic links[^fn-symlink] if you're on x86_64).
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[Rust Bare-Bones Kernel]: https://github.com/thepowersgang/rust-barebones-kernel
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[higher half]: http://wiki.osdev.org/Higher_Half_Kernel
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[cross compile binutils]: ./extra/cross-compile-binutils.md
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- [RustOS]: More advanced kernel that supports allocation, keyboard inputs, and threads. It also has a scheduler and a basic network driver.
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[RustOS]: https://github.com/RustOS-Fork-Holding-Ground/RustOS
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- ["Tifflin" Experimental Kernel]: Big kernel project by thepowersgang, that is actively developed and has over 650 commits. It has a separate userspace and supports multiple file systems, even a GUI is included. Needs a cross compiler.
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["Tifflin" Experimental Kernel]:https://github.com/thepowersgang/rust_os
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- [Redox]: Probably the most complete Rust OS today. It has an active community and over 1000 Github stars. File systems, network, an audio player, a picture viewer, and much more. Just take a look at the [screenshots][redox screenshots].
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[Rust Bare-Bones Kernel]: https://github.com/thepowersgang/rust-barebones-kernel
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[higher half]: http://wiki.osdev.org/Higher_Half_Kernel
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[cross compile binutils]: ./extra/cross-compile-binutils.md
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[RustOS]: https://github.com/RustOS-Fork-Holding-Ground/RustOS
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["Tifflin" Experimental Kernel]:https://github.com/thepowersgang/rust_os
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[Redox]: https://github.com/redox-os/redox
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[redox screenshots]: https://github.com/redox-os/redox#what-it-looks-like
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@@ -818,21 +818,18 @@ These lines are the important ones. We can read many useful information from the
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- `v=0e`: An exception with number `0xe` occurred, which is a page fault according to the [OSDev Wiki][osdev exception overview].
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[osdev exception overview]: http://wiki.osdev.org/Exceptions
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[page fault]: http://wiki.osdev.org/Exceptions#Page_Fault
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- `e=0002`: The CPU set an [error code][page fault error code], which tells us why the exception occurred. The `0x2` bit tells us that it was caused by a write operation. And since the `0x1` bit is not set, the target page was not present.
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[page fault error code]: http://wiki.osdev.org/Exceptions#Error_code
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- `IP=0008:000000000010ab97` or `pc=000000000010ab97`: The program counter register tells us that the exception occurred when the CPU tried to execute the instruction at `0x10ab97`. We can disassemble this address to see the corresponding function. The `0008:` prefix in `IP` indicates the code [GDT segment].
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[GDT segment]: ./posts/02-entering-longmode/index.md#loading-the-gdt
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- `SP=0010:00000000001182d0`: The stack pointer was `0x1182d0` (the `0010:` prefix indicates the data [GDT segment]). This tells us if it the stack overflowed.
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- `CR2=00000000000b8f00`: Finally the most useful register. It tells us which virtual address caused the page fault. In our case it's `0xb8f00`, which is part of the [VGA text buffer].
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[osdev exception overview]: http://wiki.osdev.org/Exceptions
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[page fault]: http://wiki.osdev.org/Exceptions#Page_Fault
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[page fault error code]: http://wiki.osdev.org/Exceptions#Error_code
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[GDT segment]: ./posts/02-entering-longmode/index.md#loading-the-gdt
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[VGA text buffer]: ./posts/04-printing-to-screen/index.md#the-vga-text-buffer
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So let's find out which function caused the exception:
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