Delete code from master branch

The code for each post now lives in the `post-XX` branches where `XX` is the post number.
2025-12-15 14:07:50 +00:00 · 2019-02-07 17:34:07 +01:00
parent aa09d2f719
commit 381627bbbb
20 changed files with 24 additions and 1335 deletions
--- a/.appveyor.yml
+++ b/.appveyor.yml
@@ -5,87 +5,7 @@ branches:
    - master
    - /post-.*/

-# Appveyor configuration template for Rust using rustup for Rust installation
-# https://github.com/starkat99/appveyor-rust
-
-## Operating System (VM environment) ##
-
-# Rust needs at least Visual Studio 2013 Appveyor OS for MSVC targets.
-os: Visual Studio 2015
-
-## Build Matrix ##
-environment:
-  matrix:
-
-### MSVC Toolchains ###
-  # Nightly 64-bit MSVC
-    - channel: nightly
-      target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-      MSYS_BITS: 64
-  # Nightly 32-bit MSVC
-    - channel: nightly
-      target: i686-pc-windows-msvc
-      MSYS_BITS: 32
-
-### GNU Toolchains ###
-  # Nightly 64-bit GNU
-    - channel: nightly
-      target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
-      MSYS_BITS: 64
-  # Nightly 32-bit GNU
-    - channel: nightly
-      target: i686-pc-windows-gnu
-      MSYS_BITS: 32
-
-cache:
-  - '%USERPROFILE%\.cargo\bin'
-  - '%USERPROFILE%\.cargo\.crates.toml'
-
-## Install Script ##
-
-# This is the most important part of the Appveyor configuration. This installs the version of Rust
-# specified by the 'channel' and 'target' environment variables from the build matrix. This uses
-# rustup to install Rust.
-#
-# For simple configurations, instead of using the build matrix, you can simply set the
-# default-toolchain and default-host manually here.
-install:
-  - appveyor-retry appveyor DownloadFile https://win.rustup.rs/ -FileName rustup-init.exe
-  - rustup-init -yv --default-toolchain %channel% --default-host %target%
-  - set PATH=%PATH%;%USERPROFILE%\.cargo\bin
-  - rustc -vV
-  - cargo -vV
-
-  # Install qemu
-  - echo %cd%
-  - mkdir "C:\Program Files\qemu"
-  - cd "C:\Program Files\qemu"
-  - if %target%==i686-pc-windows-msvc appveyor DownloadFile "https://qemu.weilnetz.de/w32/2018/qemu-w32-setup-20180801.exe" -FileName "qemu-setup.exe"
-  - if %target%==i686-pc-windows-gnu appveyor DownloadFile "https://qemu.weilnetz.de/w32/2018/qemu-w32-setup-20180801.exe" -FileName "qemu-setup.exe"
-  - if %target%==x86_64-pc-windows-msvc appveyor DownloadFile "https://qemu.weilnetz.de/w64/2018/qemu-w64-setup-20180801.exe" -FileName "qemu-setup.exe"
-  - if %target%==x86_64-pc-windows-gnu appveyor DownloadFile "https://qemu.weilnetz.de/w64/2018/qemu-w64-setup-20180801.exe" -FileName "qemu-setup.exe"
-  - 7z x qemu-setup.exe
-  - set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files\qemu
-  - cd "C:\projects\blog-os"
-
-## Build Script ##
-
-# 'cargo test' takes care of building for us, so disable Appveyor's build stage. This prevents
-# the "directory does not contain a project or solution file" error.
 build: false

-before_test:
-  - set PATH=C:\msys64\mingw%MSYS_BITS%\bin;C:\msys64\usr\bin;%PATH%
-  # Fix undefined references to __acrt_iob_func()
-  - sed -rie "s/#define std([[:alpha:]]+)[[:space:]]+\(__acrt_iob_func\(([[:digit:]]+)\)\)/#define std\1 (\&__iob_func()[\2])/" "C:\msys64\mingw64\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include\stdio.h"
-  - sed -rie "s/#define std([[:alpha:]]+)[[:space:]]+\(__acrt_iob_func\(([[:digit:]]+)\)\)/#define std\1 (\&__iob_func()[\2])/" "C:\msys64\mingw32\i686-w64-mingw32\include\stdio.h"
-  - rustup component add rust-src
-  - set RUST_BACKTRACE=1
-  - if not exist %USERPROFILE%\.cargo\bin\cargo-install-latest.exe cargo install cargo-install-latest
-  - cargo install-latest cargo-xbuild bootimage
-
 test_script:
-  - bootimage build
-  - if %target%==x86_64-pc-windows-gnu cargo test
-  - if %target%==x86_64-pc-windows-msvc cargo test
-  - bootimage test
+  - echo "Nothing to do for master branch"
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-/target
-**/*.rs.bk
+code
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -1,17 +1,4 @@
-language: rust
-
-rust:
-    - nightly
-
-os:
-  - linux
-  - osx
-  - windows
-
-notifications:
-    email:
-        on_success: never
-        on_failure: always
+language: minimal

 branches:
  only:
@@ -24,29 +11,5 @@ branches:
    # Build post braches
    - /^post-.*$/

-cache:
-  directories:
-    - $HOME/.cargo
-    - $HOME/Library/Caches/Homebrew
-
-addons:
-  apt:
-    packages:
-      - qemu-system-x86
-  homebrew:
-    packages:
-      - qemu
-
-install:
-  - if [ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME = windows ]; then choco install qemu; export PATH="/c/Program Files/qemu:$PATH"; fi
-
-before_script:
-  - rustup component add rust-src
-  - (test -x $HOME/.cargo/bin/cargo-install-latest || cargo install cargo-install-latest)
-  - cargo install-latest cargo-xbuild bootimage cargo-cache
-
 script:
-  - bootimage build
-  - cargo test
-  - bootimage test
-  - cargo cache --autoclean
+  - echo "Nothing to do for master branch"
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,327 +0,0 @@
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-"checksum usize_conversions 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "f70329e2cbe45d6c97a5112daad40c34cd9a4e18edb5a2a18fefeb584d8d25e5"
-"checksum ux 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "88dfeb711b61ce620c0cb6fd9f8e3e678622f0c971da2a63c4b3e25e88ed012f"
-"checksum volatile 0.2.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6af0edf5b4faacc31fc51159244d78d65ec580f021afcef7bd53c04aeabc7f29"
-"checksum winapi 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "92c1eb33641e276cfa214a0522acad57be5c56b10cb348b3c5117db75f3ac4b0"
-"checksum winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
-"checksum winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
-"checksum x86_64 0.2.14 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "2bd647af1614659e1febec1d681231aea4ebda4818bf55a578aff02f3e4db4b4"
-"checksum x86_64 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "0f893c7b302f824d1bb6ab25353e585583fa451c918d950e6f81ff5b4267cc18"
-"checksum xmas-elf 0.6.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "22678df5df766e8d1e5d609da69f0c3132d794edf6ab5e75e7abcd2270d4cf58"
-"checksum zero 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "5f1bc8a6b2005884962297587045002d8cfb8dcec9db332f4ca216ddc5de82c5"
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "blog_os"
-version = "0.1.0"
-authors = ["Philipp Oppermann <dev@phil-opp.com>"]
-edition = "2018"
-
-[dependencies]
-bootloader = "0.3.12"
-volatile = "0.2.3"
-spin = "0.4.9"
-uart_16550 = "0.1.0"
-x86_64 = "0.4.0"
-pic8259_simple = "0.1.1"
-pc-keyboard = "0.3.1"
-
-[dependencies.lazy_static]
-version = "1.0"
-features = ["spin_no_std"]
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-array-init = "0.0.3"
-
-[profile.dev]
-panic = "abort"
-
-[profile.release]
-panic = "abort"
-
-[package.metadata.bootimage]
-default-target = "x86_64-blog_os.json"
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,18 +4,27 @@

 This repository contains the source code for the _Writing an OS in Rust_ series at [os.phil-opp.com](https://os.phil-opp.com).

-## Building
-You need a nightly Rust compiler and the `cargo-xbuild` and `bootimage` tools. You can install the tools by executing the following command:
+## Where is the code?
+
+The code for each post lives in a separate git branch. This makes it possible to see the intermediate state after each post. You can find the branch for each post by following the `(source code)` link in the [post list](#posts) below. The branches are named `post-XX` where `XX` is the post number, for example `post-03` for the third post ("VGA Text Mode").
+
+**You can find the code for the latest post [here][latest-post].**
+
+[latest-post]: https://github.com/phil-opp/blog_os/tree/post-10
+
+For build instructions, see the Readme of the post branches.
+
+### Checking out the Code in a Subdirectory
+
+To check out the code in a subdirectory use [git worktree]:
+
+[git worktree]: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-worktree

 ```
-cargo install cargo-xbuild bootimage
+git worktree add code post-10
 ```

-Afterwards you can invoke `bootimage build` to produce a bootable disk image. Please file an issue if you run into any problems.
-
-To run the image in [QEMU], you can execute `bootimage run`. Note that you need to have QEMU installed.
-
-[QEMU]: https://www.qemu.org/
+This creates a subdirectory named `code` that contains the code for the latest post ("Advanced Paging").

 ## Posts

--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -13,20 +13,8 @@ trigger:
    # Build post braches
    - post-*

-strategy:
-  matrix:
-    linux:
-      image_name: 'ubuntu-16.04'
-      rustup_toolchain: nightly
-    mac:
-      image_name: 'macos-10.13'
-      rustup_toolchain: nightly
-    windows:
-      image_name: 'vs2017-win2016'
-      rustup_toolchain: nightly
-
 pool:
-  vmImage: $(image_name)
+  vmImage: ubuntu-16.04

 steps:
 - bash: |
@@ -36,58 +24,5 @@ steps:
  displayName: 'Build Info'
  continueOnError: true

- script: |
-    curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain $RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN
-    echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH;]$PATH:$HOME/.cargo/bin"
-  condition: or(eq( variables['Agent.OS'], 'Linux' ),  eq( variables['Agent.OS'], 'Darwin' ))
-  displayName: 'Install Rust (Linux/macOS)'
-
- script: |
-    curl -sSf -o rustup-init.exe https://win.rustup.rs
-    rustup-init.exe -y --default-toolchain %RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN%
-    echo ##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH;]%PATH%;%USERPROFILE%\.cargo\bin
-  condition: eq( variables['Agent.OS'], 'Windows_NT' )
-  displayName: 'Install Rust (Windows)'
-
- script: |
-    rustc -Vv
-    cargo -V
-  displayName: 'Print Rust Version'
-  continueOnError: true
-
- script: rustup component add rust-src
-  displayName: 'Install Rustup Src Component'
-
- script: |
-    cargo install cargo-xbuild --debug
-    cargo install bootimage --debug
-  displayName: 'Install cargo-xbuild and bootimage'
-
- script: bootimage build
-  displayName: 'Build'
-
- script: cargo test
-  displayName: 'Unit Tests'
-
- script: sudo apt install qemu-system-x86
-  condition: eq( variables['Agent.OS'], 'Linux' )
-  displayName: 'Install QEMU (Linux)'
-
- script: |
-    export HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
-    export HOMEBREW_NO_BOTTLE_SOURCE_FALLBACK=1
-    export HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP=1
-    brew install qemu
-  condition: eq( variables['Agent.OS'], 'Darwin' )
-  displayName: 'Install QEMU (macOS)'
-
- script: |
-    choco install qemu --limit-output --no-progress
-    echo ##vso[task.setvariable variable=PATH;]%PATH%;C:\Program Files\qemu
-    set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files\qemu
-    qemu-system-x86_64 --version
-  condition: eq( variables['Agent.OS'], 'Windows_NT' )
-  displayName: 'Install QEMU (Windows)'
-
- script: bootimage test
-  displayName: 'Integration Tests'
+- script: echo "Nothing to do for master branch"
+  displayName: "Nothing to do"
--- a/1
+++ b/1
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-nightly
--- a/src/bin/test-basic-boot.rs
+++ b/src/bin/test-basic-boot.rs
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_std)]
-#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_main)] // disable all Rust-level entry points
-#![cfg_attr(test, allow(unused_imports))]
-
-use blog_os::{exit_qemu, serial_println};
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
-
-/// This function is the entry point, since the linker looks for a function
-/// named `_start` by default.
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-#[no_mangle] // don't mangle the name of this function
-pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
-    serial_println!("ok");
-
-    unsafe {
-        exit_qemu();
-    }
-    loop {}
-}
-
-/// This function is called on panic.
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    serial_println!("failed");
-
-    serial_println!("{}", info);
-
-    unsafe {
-        exit_qemu();
-    }
-    loop {}
-}
--- a/src/bin/test-exception-breakpoint.rs
+++ b/src/bin/test-exception-breakpoint.rs
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-#![no_std]
-#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_main)]
-#![cfg_attr(test, allow(dead_code, unused_macros, unused_imports))]
-
-use blog_os::{exit_qemu, serial_println};
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
-
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-#[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
-    blog_os::interrupts::init_idt();
-
-    x86_64::instructions::int3();
-
-    serial_println!("ok");
-
-    unsafe {
-        exit_qemu();
-    }
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    serial_println!("failed");
-
-    serial_println!("{}", info);
-
-    unsafe {
-        exit_qemu();
-    }
-    loop {}
-}
--- a/src/bin/test-exception-double-fault-stack-overflow.rs
+++ b/src/bin/test-exception-double-fault-stack-overflow.rs
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-#![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
-#![no_std]
-#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_main)]
-#![cfg_attr(test, allow(dead_code, unused_macros, unused_imports))]
-
-use blog_os::{exit_qemu, serial_println};
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-#[no_mangle]
-#[allow(unconditional_recursion)]
-pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
-    blog_os::gdt::init();
-    init_test_idt();
-
-    fn stack_overflow() {
-        stack_overflow(); // for each recursion, the return address is pushed
-    }
-
-    // trigger a stack overflow
-    stack_overflow();
-
-    serial_println!("failed");
-    serial_println!("No exception occured");
-
-    unsafe {
-        exit_qemu();
-    }
-
-    loop {}
-}
-
-/// This function is called on panic.
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    serial_println!("failed");
-    serial_println!("{}", info);
-
-    unsafe {
-        exit_qemu();
-    }
-
-    loop {}
-}
-
-use x86_64::structures::idt::{ExceptionStackFrame, InterruptDescriptorTable};
-
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref TEST_IDT: InterruptDescriptorTable = {
-        let mut idt = InterruptDescriptorTable::new();
-        unsafe {
-            idt.double_fault
-                .set_handler_fn(double_fault_handler)
-                .set_stack_index(blog_os::gdt::DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX);
-        }
-
-        idt
-    };
-}
-
-pub fn init_test_idt() {
-    TEST_IDT.load();
-}
-
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn double_fault_handler(
-    _stack_frame: &mut ExceptionStackFrame,
-    _error_code: u64,
-) {
-    serial_println!("ok");
-
-    unsafe {
-        exit_qemu();
-    }
-    loop {}
-}
--- a/src/bin/test-panic.rs
+++ b/src/bin/test-panic.rs
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_std)]
-#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_main)]
-#![cfg_attr(test, allow(unused_imports))]
-
-use blog_os::{exit_qemu, serial_println};
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
-
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-#[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
-    panic!();
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    serial_println!("ok");
-
-    unsafe {
-        exit_qemu();
-    }
-    loop {}
-}
--- a/src/gdt.rs
+++ b/src/gdt.rs
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use x86_64::structures::gdt::{Descriptor, GlobalDescriptorTable, SegmentSelector};
-use x86_64::structures::tss::TaskStateSegment;
-use x86_64::VirtAddr;
-
-pub const DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX: u16 = 0;
-
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref TSS: TaskStateSegment = {
-        let mut tss = TaskStateSegment::new();
-        tss.interrupt_stack_table[DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX as usize] = {
-            const STACK_SIZE: usize = 4096;
-            static mut STACK: [u8; STACK_SIZE] = [0; STACK_SIZE];
-
-            let stack_start = VirtAddr::from_ptr(unsafe { &STACK });
-            let stack_end = stack_start + STACK_SIZE;
-            stack_end
-        };
-        tss
-    };
-}
-
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref GDT: (GlobalDescriptorTable, Selectors) = {
-        let mut gdt = GlobalDescriptorTable::new();
-        let code_selector = gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::kernel_code_segment());
-        let tss_selector = gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::tss_segment(&TSS));
-        (
-            gdt,
-            Selectors {
-                code_selector,
-                tss_selector,
-            },
-        )
-    };
-}
-
-struct Selectors {
-    code_selector: SegmentSelector,
-    tss_selector: SegmentSelector,
-}
-
-pub fn init() {
-    use x86_64::instructions::segmentation::set_cs;
-    use x86_64::instructions::tables::load_tss;
-
-    GDT.0.load();
-    unsafe {
-        set_cs(GDT.1.code_selector);
-        load_tss(GDT.1.tss_selector);
-    }
-}
--- a/src/interrupts.rs
+++ b/src/interrupts.rs
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-// The x86-interrupt calling convention leads to the following LLVM error
-// when compiled for a Windows target: "offset is not a multiple of 16". This
-// happens for example when running `cargo test` on Windows. To avoid this
-// problem we skip compilation of this module on Windows.
-#![cfg(not(windows))]
-
-use crate::{gdt, hlt_loop, print, println};
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use pic8259_simple::ChainedPics;
-use spin;
-use x86_64::structures::idt::{ExceptionStackFrame, InterruptDescriptorTable, PageFaultErrorCode};
-
-pub const PIC_1_OFFSET: u8 = 32;
-pub const PIC_2_OFFSET: u8 = PIC_1_OFFSET + 8;
-
-pub const TIMER_INTERRUPT_ID: u8 = PIC_1_OFFSET;
-pub const KEYBOARD_INTERRUPT_ID: u8 = PIC_1_OFFSET + 1;
-
-pub static PICS: spin::Mutex<ChainedPics> =
-    spin::Mutex::new(unsafe { ChainedPics::new(PIC_1_OFFSET, PIC_2_OFFSET) });
-
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref IDT: InterruptDescriptorTable = {
-        let mut idt = InterruptDescriptorTable::new();
-        idt.breakpoint.set_handler_fn(breakpoint_handler);
-        idt.page_fault.set_handler_fn(page_fault_handler);
-        unsafe {
-            idt.double_fault
-                .set_handler_fn(double_fault_handler)
-                .set_stack_index(gdt::DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX);
-        }
-        idt[usize::from(TIMER_INTERRUPT_ID)].set_handler_fn(timer_interrupt_handler);
-        idt[usize::from(KEYBOARD_INTERRUPT_ID)].set_handler_fn(keyboard_interrupt_handler);
-        idt
-    };
-}
-
-pub fn init_idt() {
-    IDT.load();
-}
-
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(stack_frame: &mut ExceptionStackFrame) {
-    println!("EXCEPTION: BREAKPOINT\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
-}
-
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn page_fault_handler(
-    stack_frame: &mut ExceptionStackFrame,
-    _error_code: PageFaultErrorCode,
-) {
-    use crate::hlt_loop;
-    use x86_64::registers::control::Cr2;
-
-    println!("EXCEPTION: PAGE FAULT");
-    println!("Accessed Address: {:?}", Cr2::read());
-    println!("{:#?}", stack_frame);
-    hlt_loop();
-}
-
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn double_fault_handler(
-    stack_frame: &mut ExceptionStackFrame,
-    _error_code: u64,
-) {
-    println!("EXCEPTION: DOUBLE FAULT\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
-    hlt_loop();
-}
-
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn timer_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: &mut ExceptionStackFrame) {
-    print!(".");
-    unsafe { PICS.lock().notify_end_of_interrupt(TIMER_INTERRUPT_ID) }
-}
-
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn keyboard_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: &mut ExceptionStackFrame) {
-    use pc_keyboard::{layouts, DecodedKey, Keyboard, ScancodeSet1};
-    use spin::Mutex;
-    use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
-
-    lazy_static! {
-        static ref KEYBOARD: Mutex<Keyboard<layouts::Us104Key, ScancodeSet1>> =
-            Mutex::new(Keyboard::new(layouts::Us104Key, ScancodeSet1));
-    }
-
-    let mut keyboard = KEYBOARD.lock();
-    let port = Port::new(0x60);
-
-    let scancode: u8 = unsafe { port.read() };
-    if let Ok(Some(key_event)) = keyboard.add_byte(scancode) {
-        if let Some(key) = keyboard.process_keyevent(key_event) {
-            match key {
-                DecodedKey::Unicode(character) => print!("{}", character),
-                DecodedKey::RawKey(key) => print!("{:?}", key),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    unsafe { PICS.lock().notify_end_of_interrupt(KEYBOARD_INTERRUPT_ID) }
-}
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_std)]
-#![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
-
-pub mod gdt;
-pub mod interrupts;
-pub mod memory;
-pub mod serial;
-pub mod vga_buffer;
-
-pub unsafe fn exit_qemu() {
-    use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
-
-    let mut port = Port::<u32>::new(0xf4);
-    port.write(0);
-}
-
-pub fn hlt_loop() -> ! {
-    loop {
-        x86_64::instructions::hlt();
-    }
-}
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_std)]
-#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_main)]
-#![cfg_attr(test, allow(unused_imports))]
-
-use blog_os::println;
-use bootloader::{bootinfo::BootInfo, entry_point};
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
-
-entry_point!(kernel_main);
-
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-fn kernel_main(boot_info: &'static BootInfo) -> ! {
-    use blog_os::interrupts::PICS;
-    use blog_os::memory::{self, create_example_mapping};
-
-    println!("Hello World{}", "!");
-
-    blog_os::gdt::init();
-    blog_os::interrupts::init_idt();
-    unsafe { PICS.lock().initialize() };
-    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();
-
-    let mut recursive_page_table = unsafe { memory::init(boot_info.p4_table_addr as usize) };
-    let mut frame_allocator = memory::init_frame_allocator(&boot_info.memory_map);
-
-    create_example_mapping(&mut recursive_page_table, &mut frame_allocator);
-    unsafe { (0xdeadbeaf900 as *mut u64).write_volatile(0xf021f077f065f04e) };
-
-    println!("It did not crash!");
-    blog_os::hlt_loop();
-}
-
-/// This function is called on panic.
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    println!("{}", info);
-    blog_os::hlt_loop();
-}
--- a/src/memory.rs
+++ b/src/memory.rs
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-use bootloader::bootinfo::{MemoryMap, MemoryRegionType};
-use x86_64::structures::paging::{
-    FrameAllocator, Mapper, Page, PageTable, PhysFrame, RecursivePageTable, Size4KiB,
-};
-use x86_64::{PhysAddr, VirtAddr};
-
-/// Creates a RecursivePageTable instance from the level 4 address.
-///
-/// This function is unsafe because it can break memory safety if an invalid
-/// address is passed.
-pub unsafe fn init(level_4_table_addr: usize) -> RecursivePageTable<'static> {
-    /// Rust currently treats the whole body of unsafe functions as an unsafe
-    /// block, which makes it difficult to see which operations are unsafe. To
-    /// limit the scope of unsafe we use a safe inner function.
-    fn init_inner(level_4_table_addr: usize) -> RecursivePageTable<'static> {
-        let level_4_table_ptr = level_4_table_addr as *mut PageTable;
-        let level_4_table = unsafe { &mut *level_4_table_ptr };
-        RecursivePageTable::new(level_4_table).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    init_inner(level_4_table_addr)
-}
-
-/// Create a FrameAllocator from the passed memory map
-pub fn init_frame_allocator(
-    memory_map: &'static MemoryMap,
-) -> BootInfoFrameAllocator<impl Iterator<Item = PhysFrame>> {
-    // get usable regions from memory map
-    let regions = memory_map
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|r| r.region_type == MemoryRegionType::Usable);
-    // map each region to its address range
-    let addr_ranges = regions.map(|r| r.range.start_addr()..r.range.end_addr());
-    // transform to an iterator of frame start addresses
-    let frame_addresses = addr_ranges.flat_map(|r| r.into_iter().step_by(4096));
-    // create `PhysFrame` types from the start addresses
-    let frames = frame_addresses.map(|addr| PhysFrame::containing_address(PhysAddr::new(addr)));
-
-    BootInfoFrameAllocator { frames }
-}
-
-/// Returns the physical address for the given virtual address, or `None` if
-/// the virtual address is not mapped.
-pub fn translate_addr(addr: u64, recursive_page_table: &RecursivePageTable) -> Option<PhysAddr> {
-    let addr = VirtAddr::new(addr);
-    let page: Page = Page::containing_address(addr);
-
-    // perform the translation
-    let frame = recursive_page_table.translate_page(page);
-    frame.map(|frame| frame.start_address() + u64::from(addr.page_offset()))
-}
-
-pub fn create_example_mapping(
-    recursive_page_table: &mut RecursivePageTable,
-    frame_allocator: &mut impl FrameAllocator<Size4KiB>,
-) {
-    use x86_64::structures::paging::PageTableFlags as Flags;
-
-    let page: Page = Page::containing_address(VirtAddr::new(0xdeadbeaf000));
-    let frame = PhysFrame::containing_address(PhysAddr::new(0xb8000));
-    let flags = Flags::PRESENT | Flags::WRITABLE;
-
-    let map_to_result = unsafe { recursive_page_table.map_to(page, frame, flags, frame_allocator) };
-    map_to_result.expect("map_to failed").flush();
-}
-
-/// A FrameAllocator that always returns `None`.
-pub struct EmptyFrameAllocator;
-
-impl FrameAllocator<Size4KiB> for EmptyFrameAllocator {
-    fn allocate_frame(&mut self) -> Option<PhysFrame> {
-        None
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct BootInfoFrameAllocator<I>
-where
-    I: Iterator<Item = PhysFrame>,
-{
-    frames: I,
-}
-
-impl<I> FrameAllocator<Size4KiB> for BootInfoFrameAllocator<I>
-where
-    I: Iterator<Item = PhysFrame>,
-{
-    fn allocate_frame(&mut self) -> Option<PhysFrame> {
-        self.frames.next()
-    }
-}
--- a/src/serial.rs
+++ b/src/serial.rs
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use spin::Mutex;
-use uart_16550::SerialPort;
-
-lazy_static! {
-    pub static ref SERIAL1: Mutex<SerialPort> = {
-        let mut serial_port = SerialPort::new(0x3F8);
-        serial_port.init();
-        Mutex::new(serial_port)
-    };
-}
-
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub fn _print(args: ::core::fmt::Arguments) {
-    use core::fmt::Write;
-    use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
-
-    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
-        SERIAL1
-            .lock()
-            .write_fmt(args)
-            .expect("Printing to serial failed");
-    });
-}
-
-/// Prints to the host through the serial interface.
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! serial_print {
-    ($($arg:tt)*) => {
-        $crate::serial::_print(format_args!($($arg)*));
-    };
-}
-
-/// Prints to the host through the serial interface, appending a newline.
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! serial_println {
-    () => ($crate::serial_print!("\n"));
-    ($fmt:expr) => ($crate::serial_print!(concat!($fmt, "\n")));
-    ($fmt:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::serial_print!(concat!($fmt, "\n"), $($arg)*));
-}
--- a/src/vga_buffer.rs
+++ b/src/vga_buffer.rs
@@ -1,259 +0,0 @@
-use core::fmt;
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use spin::Mutex;
-use volatile::Volatile;
-
-lazy_static! {
-    /// A global `Writer` instance that can be used for printing to the VGA text buffer.
-    ///
-    /// Used by the `print!` and `println!` macros.
-    pub static ref WRITER: Mutex<Writer> = Mutex::new(Writer {
-        column_position: 0,
-        color_code: ColorCode::new(Color::Yellow, Color::Black),
-        buffer: unsafe { &mut *(0xb8000 as *mut Buffer) },
-    });
-}
-
-/// The standard color palette in VGA text mode.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[repr(u8)]
-pub enum Color {
-    Black = 0,
-    Blue = 1,
-    Green = 2,
-    Cyan = 3,
-    Red = 4,
-    Magenta = 5,
-    Brown = 6,
-    LightGray = 7,
-    DarkGray = 8,
-    LightBlue = 9,
-    LightGreen = 10,
-    LightCyan = 11,
-    LightRed = 12,
-    Pink = 13,
-    Yellow = 14,
-    White = 15,
-}
-
-/// A combination of a foreground and a background color.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-struct ColorCode(u8);
-
-impl ColorCode {
-    /// Create a new `ColorCode` with the given foreground and background colors.
-    fn new(foreground: Color, background: Color) -> ColorCode {
-        ColorCode((background as u8) << 4 | (foreground as u8))
-    }
-}
-
-/// A screen character in the VGA text buffer, consisting of an ASCII character and a `ColorCode`.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[repr(C)]
-struct ScreenChar {
-    ascii_character: u8,
-    color_code: ColorCode,
-}
-
-/// The height of the text buffer (normally 25 lines).
-const BUFFER_HEIGHT: usize = 25;
-/// The width of the text buffer (normally 80 columns).
-const BUFFER_WIDTH: usize = 80;
-
-/// A structure representing the VGA text buffer.
-#[repr(transparent)]
-struct Buffer {
-    chars: [[Volatile<ScreenChar>; BUFFER_WIDTH]; BUFFER_HEIGHT],
-}
-
-/// A writer type that allows writing ASCII bytes and strings to an underlying `Buffer`.
-///
-/// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports newline characters and implements the
-/// `core::fmt::Write` trait.
-pub struct Writer {
-    column_position: usize,
-    color_code: ColorCode,
-    buffer: &'static mut Buffer,
-}
-
-impl Writer {
-    /// Writes an ASCII byte to the buffer.
-    ///
-    /// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports the `\n` newline character.
-    pub fn write_byte(&mut self, byte: u8) {
-        match byte {
-            b'\n' => self.new_line(),
-            byte => {
-                if self.column_position >= BUFFER_WIDTH {
-                    self.new_line();
-                }
-
-                let row = BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1;
-                let col = self.column_position;
-
-                let color_code = self.color_code;
-                self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(ScreenChar {
-                    ascii_character: byte,
-                    color_code,
-                });
-                self.column_position += 1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Writes the given ASCII string to the buffer.
-    ///
-    /// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports the `\n` newline character. Does **not**
-    /// support strings with non-ASCII characters, since they can't be printed in the VGA text
-    /// mode.
-    fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
-        for byte in s.bytes() {
-            match byte {
-                // printable ASCII byte or newline
-                0x20...0x7e | b'\n' => self.write_byte(byte),
-                // not part of printable ASCII range
-                _ => self.write_byte(0xfe),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Shifts all lines one line up and clears the last row.
-    fn new_line(&mut self) {
-        for row in 1..BUFFER_HEIGHT {
-            for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
-                let character = self.buffer.chars[row][col].read();
-                self.buffer.chars[row - 1][col].write(character);
-            }
-        }
-        self.clear_row(BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1);
-        self.column_position = 0;
-    }
-
-    /// Clears a row by overwriting it with blank characters.
-    fn clear_row(&mut self, row: usize) {
-        let blank = ScreenChar {
-            ascii_character: b' ',
-            color_code: self.color_code,
-        };
-        for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
-            self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(blank);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Write for Writer {
-    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
-        self.write_string(s);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Like the `print!` macro in the standard library, but prints to the VGA text buffer.
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! print {
-    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::vga_buffer::_print(format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
-
-/// Like the `println!` macro in the standard library, but prints to the VGA text buffer.
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! println {
-    () => ($crate::print!("\n"));
-    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::print!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
-
-/// Prints the given formatted string to the VGA text buffer
-/// through the global `WRITER` instance.
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
-    use core::fmt::Write;
-    use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
-
-    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
-        WRITER.lock().write_fmt(args).unwrap();
-    });
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use super::*;
-
-    fn construct_writer() -> Writer {
-        use std::boxed::Box;
-
-        let buffer = construct_buffer();
-        Writer {
-            column_position: 0,
-            color_code: ColorCode::new(Color::Blue, Color::Magenta),
-            buffer: Box::leak(Box::new(buffer)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn construct_buffer() -> Buffer {
-        use array_init::array_init;
-
-        Buffer {
-            chars: array_init(|_| array_init(|_| Volatile::new(empty_char()))),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn empty_char() -> ScreenChar {
-        ScreenChar {
-            ascii_character: b' ',
-            color_code: ColorCode::new(Color::Green, Color::Brown),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn write_byte() {
-        let mut writer = construct_writer();
-        writer.write_byte(b'X');
-        writer.write_byte(b'Y');
-
-        for (i, row) in writer.buffer.chars.iter().enumerate() {
-            for (j, screen_char) in row.iter().enumerate() {
-                let screen_char = screen_char.read();
-                if i == BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1 && j == 0 {
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.ascii_character, b'X');
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.color_code, writer.color_code);
-                } else if i == BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1 && j == 1 {
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.ascii_character, b'Y');
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.color_code, writer.color_code);
-                } else {
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char, empty_char());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn write_formatted() {
-        use core::fmt::Write;
-
-        let mut writer = construct_writer();
-        writeln!(&mut writer, "a").unwrap();
-        writeln!(&mut writer, "b{}", "c").unwrap();
-
-        for (i, row) in writer.buffer.chars.iter().enumerate() {
-            for (j, screen_char) in row.iter().enumerate() {
-                let screen_char = screen_char.read();
-                if i == BUFFER_HEIGHT - 3 && j == 0 {
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.ascii_character, b'a');
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.color_code, writer.color_code);
-                } else if i == BUFFER_HEIGHT - 2 && j == 0 {
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.ascii_character, b'b');
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.color_code, writer.color_code);
-                } else if i == BUFFER_HEIGHT - 2 && j == 1 {
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.ascii_character, b'c');
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.color_code, writer.color_code);
-                } else if i >= BUFFER_HEIGHT - 2 {
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.ascii_character, b' ');
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char.color_code, writer.color_code);
-                } else {
-                    assert_eq!(screen_char, empty_char());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/x86_64-blog_os.json
+++ b/x86_64-blog_os.json
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "llvm-target": "x86_64-unknown-none",
-    "data-layout": "e-m:e-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128",
-    "arch": "x86_64",
-    "target-endian": "little",
-    "target-pointer-width": "64",
-    "target-c-int-width": "32",
-    "os": "none",
-    "executables": true,
-    "linker-flavor": "ld.lld",
-    "linker": "rust-lld",
-    "panic-strategy": "abort",
-    "disable-redzone": true,
-    "features": "-mmx,-sse,+soft-float"
-  }