Merge branch 'post-11' into post-12

Set CS register with non-deprecated function

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -1,14 +1,9 @@
 [unstable]
-# TODO: uncomment once https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/8687 is resolved
+build-std = ["core", "compiler_builtins", "alloc"]
-# build-std = ["core", "alloc"]
+build-std-features = ["compiler-builtins-mem"]
 
 [build]
-# TODO: uncomment once https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/8687 is resolved
+target = "x86_64-blog_os.json"
-# target = "x86_64-blog_os.json"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "none")']
-runner = "cargo run --package disk_image --bin runner --quiet"
+runner = "bootimage runner"
-
-[alias]
-xrun = "run --target x86_64-blog_os.json -Zbuild-std=core,alloc"
-bootimage = "run --package disk_image --bin disk_image --quiet"

.github/workflows/code.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Build Code
+name: Code
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ jobs:
   check:
     name: Check
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         platform: [
           ubuntu-latest,
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ jobs:
   test:
     name: Test
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         platform: [
           ubuntu-latest,
@@ -76,14 +78,10 @@ jobs:
           HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE: 1
           HOMEBREW_NO_BOTTLE_SOURCE_FALLBACK: 1
           HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP: 1
-      - name: Install Scoop (Windows)
-        run: |
-          Invoke-Expression (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://get.scoop.sh')
-          echo ::add-path::$HOME\scoop\shims
-        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
-        shell: pwsh
       - name: Install QEMU (Windows)
-        run: scoop install qemu
+        run: |
+          choco install qemu --version 2021.5.5
+          echo "$Env:Programfiles\qemu" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
         if: runner.os == 'Windows'
         shell: pwsh
       - name: "Print QEMU Version"

Cargo.lock

@@ -1,22 +1,18 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
-[[package]]
+version = 3
-name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.32"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6b602bfe940d21c130f3895acd65221e8a61270debe89d628b9cb4e3ccb8569b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.0.0"
+version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8aac770f1885fd7e387acedd76065302551364496e46b3dd00860b2f8359b9d"
+checksum = "cdb031dd78e28731d87d56cc8ffef4a8f36ca26c38fe2de700543e627f8a464a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bit_field"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.10.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ed8765909f9009617974ab6b7d332625b320b33c326b1e9321382ef1999b5d56"
+checksum = "dcb6dd1c2376d2e096796e234a70e17e94cc2d5d54ff8ce42b28cef1d0d359a4"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
@@ -31,31 +27,22 @@ dependencies = [
  "bootloader",
  "conquer-once",
  "crossbeam-queue",
- "font8x8",
  "futures-util",
  "lazy_static",
  "linked_list_allocator",
  "pc-keyboard",
- "pic8259_simple",
+ "pic8259",
- "rlibc",
  "spin",
  "uart_16550",
- "volatile",
+ "volatile 0.2.7",
  "x86_64",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bootloader"
-version = "0.9.8"
+version = "0.9.23"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "bootloader-locator"
-version = "0.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aaaa9db3339d32c2622f2e5d0731eb82a468d3439797c9d4fe426744fe2bd551"
+checksum = "b6e02311b16c9819e7c72866d379cdd3026c3b7b25c1edf161f548f8e887e7ff"
-dependencies = [
- "json",
-]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
@@ -78,20 +65,15 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "654fb2472cc369d311c547103a1fa81d467bef370ae7a0680f65939895b1182a"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "cpuio"
-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d531514efb06912141fa65967447de805691b685a7565c87d1765afe34a98aa7"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-queue"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c695eeca1e7173472a32221542ae469b3e9aac3a4fc81f7696bcad82029493db"
+checksum = "774ba60a54c213d409d5353bda12d49cd68d14e45036a285234c8d6f91f92570"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "crossbeam-utils",
+ "maybe-uninit",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -104,51 +86,31 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "disk_image"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "anyhow",
- "bootloader-locator",
- "locate-cargo-manifest",
- "runner-utils",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "font8x8"
-version = "0.2.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "44226c40489fb1d602344a1d8f1b544570c3435e396dda1eda7b5ef010d8f1be"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-core"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f25592f769825e89b92358db00d26f965761e094951ac44d3663ef25b7ac464a"
+checksum = "0402f765d8a89a26043b889b26ce3c4679d268fa6bb22cd7c6aad98340e179d1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-task"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7b0a34e53cf6cdcd0178aa573aed466b646eb3db769570841fda0c7ede375a27"
+checksum = "8a16bef9fc1a4dddb5bee51c989e3fbba26569cbb0e31f5b303c184e3dd33dae"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-util"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "22766cf25d64306bedf0384da004d05c9974ab104fcc4528f1236181c18004c5"
+checksum = "feb5c238d27e2bf94ffdfd27b2c29e3df4a68c4193bb6427384259e2bf191967"
 dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
  "futures-core",
  "futures-task",
+ "pin-project-lite",
  "pin-utils",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "json"
-version = "0.12.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "078e285eafdfb6c4b434e0d31e8cfcb5115b651496faca5749b88fafd4f23bfd"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.4.0"
@@ -158,93 +120,56 @@ dependencies = [
  "spin",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.76"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "755456fae044e6fa1ebbbd1b3e902ae19e73097ed4ed87bb79934a867c007bc3"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "linked_list_allocator"
-version = "0.8.0"
+version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "18c618c431dfe4419afbe22852f6aceffbc17bd82ba0a18b982def291000824c"
+checksum = "d0b725207570aa16096962d0b20c79f8a543df2280bd3c903022b9b0b4d7ea68"
 dependencies = [
  "spinning_top",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "locate-cargo-manifest"
-version = "0.2.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "db985b63431fe09e8d71f50aeceffcc31e720cb86be8dad2f38d084c5a328466"
-dependencies = [
- "json",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
-version = "0.3.3"
+version = "0.4.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "79b2de95ecb4691949fea4716ca53cdbcfccb2c612e19644a8bad05edcf9f47b"
+checksum = "0382880606dff6d15c9476c416d18690b72742aa7b605bb6dd6ec9030fbf07eb"
 dependencies = [
  "scopeguard",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "pc-keyboard"
+name = "maybe-uninit"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "2.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c48392db76c4e9a69e0b3be356c5f97ebb7b14413c5e4fd0af4755dbf86e2fce"
+checksum = "60302e4db3a61da70c0cb7991976248362f30319e88850c487b9b95bbf059e00"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "pic8259_simple"
+name = "pc-keyboard"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "af2a5497fb8e59bf8015f67b7dff238d75ef445e03f23edac24ac3a8f09be952"
+checksum = "5c6f2d937e3b8d63449b01401e2bae4041bc9dd1129c2e3e0d239407cf6635ac"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pic8259"
+version = "0.10.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "08cc920d83ee33c0f9b73aa441e75468bf2d10c959a3eb6260cf720b05ac91a1"
 dependencies = [
- "cpuio",
+ "x86_64",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pin-project-lite"
+version = "0.2.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc0e1f259c92177c30a4c9d177246edd0a3568b25756a977d0632cf8fa37e905"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-utils"
-version = "0.1.0-alpha.4"
+version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5894c618ce612a3fa23881b152b608bafb8c56cfc22f434a3ba3120b40f7b587"
+checksum = "8b870d8c151b6f2fb93e84a13146138f05d02ed11c7e7c54f8826aaaf7c9f184"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.20"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "175c513d55719db99da20232b06cda8bab6b83ec2d04e3283edf0213c37c1a29"
-dependencies = [
- "unicode-xid",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aa563d17ecb180e500da1cfd2b028310ac758de548efdd203e18f283af693f37"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rlibc"
-version = "1.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fc874b127765f014d792f16763a81245ab80500e2ad921ed4ee9e82481ee08fe"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "runner-utils"
-version = "0.0.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c9dc6848b056990cd51e72aa5556bdbea4a96013e8b18635d183c84159c2988f"
-dependencies = [
- "thiserror",
- "wait-timeout",
-]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "scopeguard"
@@ -260,79 +185,42 @@ checksum = "6e63cff320ae2c57904679ba7cb63280a3dc4613885beafb148ee7bf9aa9042d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "spinning_top"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "32d801a3a53bcf5071f85fef8d5cab9e5f638fc5580a37e6eb7aba4b37438d24"
+checksum = "75adad84ee84b521fb2cca2d4fd0f1dab1d8d026bda3c5bea4ca63b5f9f9293c"
 dependencies = [
  "lock_api",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "syn"
-version = "1.0.40"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "963f7d3cc59b59b9325165add223142bbf1df27655d07789f109896d353d8350"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "unicode-xid",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "thiserror"
-version = "1.0.20"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7dfdd070ccd8ccb78f4ad66bf1982dc37f620ef696c6b5028fe2ed83dd3d0d08"
-dependencies = [
- "thiserror-impl",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "1.0.20"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bd80fc12f73063ac132ac92aceea36734f04a1d93c1240c6944e23a3b8841793"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "uart_16550"
-version = "0.2.7"
+version = "0.2.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e58fc40dc1712664fc9b0a7bd8ca2f21ab49960924fb245a80a05e1e92f3dfe9"
+checksum = "503a6c0e6d82daa87985e662d120c0176b09587c92a68db22781b28ae95405dd"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
  "x86_64",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "unicode-xid"
+name = "volatile"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f7fe0bb3479651439c9112f72b6c505038574c9fbb575ed1bf3b797fa39dd564"
+checksum = "f6b06ad3ed06fef1713569d547cdbdb439eafed76341820fb0e0344f29a41945"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "volatile"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.4.4"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "wait-timeout"
-version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9f200f5b12eb75f8c1ed65abd4b2db8a6e1b138a20de009dacee265a2498f3f6"
+checksum = "e4c2dbd44eb8b53973357e6e207e370f0c1059990df850aca1eca8947cf464f0"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
-]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "x86_64"
-version = "0.11.5"
+version = "0.14.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7c6e9604d08cf91ba0e5cc2175e8cbbdeeb2b8230b818fd9052604c4c5ffd620"
+checksum = "fb611915c917c6296d11e23f71ff1ecfe49c5766daba92cd3df52df6b58285b6"
 dependencies = [
  "bit_field",
  "bitflags",
+ "volatile 0.4.4",
 ]

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,11 +4,6 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["Philipp Oppermann <dev@phil-opp.com>"]
 edition = "2018"
 
-[workspace]
-members = [
-    "disk_image",
-]
-
 [[test]]
 name = "should_panic"
 harness = false
@@ -18,16 +13,14 @@ name = "stack_overflow"
 harness = false
 
 [dependencies]
-bootloader = { path = "../../uefi-test"}
+bootloader = { version = "0.9.8", features = ["map_physical_memory"]}
-rlibc = "1.0.0"
+volatile = "0.2.6"
 spin = "0.5.2"
-x86_64 = "0.11.0"
+x86_64 = "0.14.2"
 uart_16550 = "0.2.0"
-pic8259_simple = "0.2.0"
+pic8259 = "0.10.1"
 pc-keyboard = "0.5.0"
-linked_list_allocator = "0.8.0"
+linked_list_allocator = "0.9.0"
-volatile = { path= "../../volatile", features = ["unstable"] }
-font8x8 = { version = "0.2.5", default-features = false, features = ["unicode"]}
 
 [dependencies.lazy_static]
 version = "1.0"
@@ -39,7 +32,7 @@ default-features = false
 features = ["alloc"]
 
 [dependencies.conquer-once]
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 default-features = false
 
 [dependencies.futures-util]
@@ -47,5 +40,9 @@ version = "0.3.4"
 default-features = false
 features = ["alloc"]
 
-[package.metadata.bootloader]
+[package.metadata.bootimage]
-map-physical-memory = true
+test-args = [
+    "-device", "isa-debug-exit,iobase=0xf4,iosize=0x04", "-serial", "stdio",
+    "-display", "none"
+]
+test-success-exit-code = 33         # (0x10 << 1) | 1

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Blog OS (Async/Await)
 
-[![Build Status](https://github.com/phil-opp/blog_os/workflows/Build%20Code/badge.svg?branch=post-12)](https://github.com/phil-opp/blog_os/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Build+Code%22+branch%3Apost-12)
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/phil-opp/blog_os/workflows/Code/badge.svg?branch=post-12)](https://github.com/phil-opp/blog_os/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Code%22+branch%3Apost-12)
 
 This repository contains the source code for the [Async/Await][post] post of the [Writing an OS in Rust](https://os.phil-opp.com) series.
 

disk_image/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "disk_image"
-version = "0.1.0"
-authors = ["Philipp Oppermann <dev@phil-opp.com>"]
-edition = "2018"
-
-# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
-
-[dependencies]
-anyhow = "1.0.32"
-bootloader-locator = "0.0.4"
-runner-utils = "0.0.2"
-locate-cargo-manifest = "0.2.0"

disk_image/src/bin/runner.rs

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-use anyhow::anyhow;
-use std::{
-    path::PathBuf,
-    process::{Command, ExitStatus},
-    time::Duration,
-};
-
-const RUN_ARGS: &[&str] = &["-d", "int", "--no-reboot", "-s"];
-const TEST_ARGS: &[&str] = &[
-    "-device",
-    "isa-debug-exit,iobase=0xf4,iosize=0x04",
-    "-serial",
-    "stdio",
-    "-display",
-    "none",
-    "--no-reboot",
-];
-const TEST_TIMEOUT_SECS: u64 = 10;
-
-fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let kernel_binary_path = {
-        let path = PathBuf::from(std::env::args().nth(1).unwrap());
-        path.canonicalize()?
-    };
-
-    let disk_image = disk_image::create_disk_image(&kernel_binary_path, true)?;
-
-    let mut run_cmd = Command::new("qemu-system-x86_64");
-    run_cmd
-        .arg("-drive")
-        .arg(format!("format=raw,file={}", disk_image.display()));
-
-    let binary_kind = runner_utils::binary_kind(&kernel_binary_path);
-    if binary_kind.is_test() {
-        run_cmd.args(TEST_ARGS);
-
-        let exit_status = run_test_command(run_cmd)?;
-        match exit_status.code() {
-            Some(33) => {} // success
-            other => return Err(anyhow!("Test failed (exit code: {:?})", other)),
-        }
-    } else {
-        run_cmd.args(RUN_ARGS);
-
-        let exit_status = run_cmd.status()?;
-        if !exit_status.success() {
-            std::process::exit(exit_status.code().unwrap_or(1));
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn run_test_command(mut cmd: Command) -> anyhow::Result<ExitStatus> {
-    let status = runner_utils::run_with_timeout(&mut cmd, Duration::from_secs(TEST_TIMEOUT_SECS))?;
-    Ok(status)
-}

disk_image/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-use anyhow::anyhow;
-use std::{
-    path::{Path, PathBuf},
-    process::Command,
-};
-
-pub fn create_disk_image(kernel_binary_path: &Path, bios_only: bool) -> anyhow::Result<PathBuf> {
-    let bootloader_manifest_path = bootloader_locator::locate_bootloader("bootloader")?;
-    let kernel_manifest_path = locate_cargo_manifest::locate_manifest()?;
-
-    let mut build_cmd = Command::new(env!("CARGO"));
-    build_cmd.current_dir(bootloader_manifest_path.parent().unwrap());
-    build_cmd.arg("builder");
-    build_cmd
-        .arg("--kernel-manifest")
-        .arg(&kernel_manifest_path);
-    build_cmd.arg("--kernel-binary").arg(&kernel_binary_path);
-    build_cmd
-        .arg("--target-dir")
-        .arg(kernel_manifest_path.parent().unwrap().join("target"));
-    build_cmd
-        .arg("--out-dir")
-        .arg(kernel_binary_path.parent().unwrap());
-    build_cmd.arg("--quiet");
-    if bios_only {
-        build_cmd.arg("--firmware").arg("bios");
-    }
-
-    if !build_cmd.status()?.success() {
-        return Err(anyhow!("build failed"));
-    }
-
-    let kernel_binary_name = kernel_binary_path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap();
-    let disk_image = kernel_binary_path
-        .parent()
-        .unwrap()
-        .join(format!("bootimage-bios-{}.bin", kernel_binary_name));
-    if !disk_image.exists() {
-        return Err(anyhow!(
-            "Disk image does not exist at {} after bootloader build",
-            disk_image.display()
-        ));
-    }
-    Ok(disk_image)
-}

disk_image/src/main.rs

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-use anyhow::anyhow;
-use std::process::Command;
-
-const TARGET_NAME: &str = "x86_64-blog_os";
-const KERNEL_BINARIES: &[&str] = &["blog_os"];
-
-fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    // build all binaries
-    let mut build_cmd = Command::new(env!("CARGO"));
-    build_cmd.arg("build");
-    build_cmd.arg("--release");
-    build_cmd.arg("-Zbuild-std=core");
-    build_cmd
-        .arg("--target")
-        .arg(format!("{}.json", TARGET_NAME));
-    if !build_cmd.status()?.success() {
-        return Err(anyhow!("build failed"));
-    };
-
-    let kernel_manifest = locate_cargo_manifest::locate_manifest()?;
-    let target_dir_root = kernel_manifest.parent().unwrap().join("target");
-    let target_dir = target_dir_root.join(TARGET_NAME).join("release");
-
-    for binary_name in KERNEL_BINARIES {
-        let binary_path = {
-            let path = target_dir.join(binary_name);
-            path.canonicalize()?
-        };
-
-        let disk_image = disk_image::create_disk_image(&binary_path, false)?;
-
-        println!(
-            "Created disk image for binary {} at {}",
-            binary_name,
-            disk_image.display()
-        );
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}

src/allocator/fixed_size_block.rs

@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ pub struct FixedSizeBlockAllocator {
 impl FixedSizeBlockAllocator {
     /// Creates an empty FixedSizeBlockAllocator.
     pub const fn new() -> Self {
+        const EMPTY: Option<&'static mut ListNode> = None;
         FixedSizeBlockAllocator {
-            list_heads: [None; BLOCK_SIZES.len()],
+            list_heads: [EMPTY; BLOCK_SIZES.len()],
             fallback_allocator: linked_list_allocator::Heap::empty(),
         }
     }

src/framebuffer.rs

@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-use bootloader::boot_info::PixelFormat;
-use core::{fmt, slice};
-use font8x8::UnicodeFonts;
-use spin::Mutex;
-use volatile::Volatile;
-
-pub static WRITER: Mutex<Option<Writer>> = Mutex::new(None);
-
-pub fn init(framebuffer: &'static mut bootloader::boot_info::FrameBuffer) {
-    let mut writer = Writer {
-        info: framebuffer.info(),
-        buffer: Volatile::new(framebuffer.buffer()),
-        x_pos: 0,
-        y_pos: 0,
-    };
-    writer.clear();
-
-    // global writer should not be locked here
-    let mut global_writer = WRITER.try_lock().unwrap();
-    assert!(global_writer.is_none(), "Global writer already initialized");
-    *global_writer = Some(writer);
-}
-
-pub struct Writer {
-    buffer: Volatile<&'static mut [u8]>,
-    info: bootloader::boot_info::FrameBufferInfo,
-    x_pos: usize,
-    y_pos: usize,
-}
-
-impl Writer {
-    fn newline(&mut self) {
-        self.y_pos += 8;
-        self.carriage_return();
-    }
-
-    fn carriage_return(&mut self) {
-        self.x_pos = 0;
-    }
-
-    /// Erases all text on the screen
-    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
-        self.x_pos = 0;
-        self.y_pos = 0;
-        self.buffer.fill(0);
-    }
-
-    fn shift_lines_up(&mut self) {
-        let offset = self.info.stride * self.info.bytes_per_pixel * 8;
-        self.buffer.copy_within(offset.., 0);
-        self.y_pos -= 8;
-    }
-
-    fn width(&self) -> usize {
-        self.info.horizontal_resolution
-    }
-
-    fn height(&self) -> usize {
-        self.info.vertical_resolution
-    }
-
-    fn write_char(&mut self, c: char) {
-        match c {
-            '\n' => self.newline(),
-            '\r' => self.carriage_return(),
-            c => {
-                if self.x_pos >= self.width() {
-                    self.newline();
-                }
-                while self.y_pos >= (self.height() - 8) {
-                    self.shift_lines_up();
-                }
-                let rendered = font8x8::BASIC_FONTS
-                    .get(c)
-                    .expect("character not found in basic font");
-                self.write_rendered_char(rendered);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn write_rendered_char(&mut self, rendered_char: [u8; 8]) {
-        for (y, byte) in rendered_char.iter().enumerate() {
-            for (x, bit) in (0..8).enumerate() {
-                let on = *byte & (1 << bit) != 0;
-                self.write_pixel(self.x_pos + x, self.y_pos + y, on);
-            }
-        }
-        self.x_pos += 8;
-    }
-
-    fn write_pixel(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize, on: bool) {
-        let pixel_offset = y * self.info.stride + x;
-        let color = if on {
-            match self.info.pixel_format {
-                PixelFormat::RGB => [0x33, 0xff, 0x66, 0],
-                PixelFormat::BGR => [0x66, 0xff, 0x33, 0],
-                _other => [0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0],
-            }
-        } else {
-            [0, 0, 0, 0]
-        };
-        let bytes_per_pixel = self.info.bytes_per_pixel;
-        let byte_offset = pixel_offset * bytes_per_pixel;
-        self.buffer
-            .index_mut(byte_offset..(byte_offset + bytes_per_pixel))
-            .copy_from_slice(&color[..bytes_per_pixel]);
-    }
-
-    /// Writes the given ASCII string to the buffer.
-    ///
-    /// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports the `\n` newline character. Does **not**
-    /// support strings with non-ASCII characters, since they can't be printed in the VGA text
-    /// mode.
-    fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
-        for char in s.chars() {
-            self.write_char(char);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Write for Writer {
-    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
-        self.write_string(s);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Like the `print!` macro in the standard library, but prints to the VGA text buffer.
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! print {
-    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::framebuffer::_print(format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
-
-/// Like the `println!` macro in the standard library, but prints to the VGA text buffer.
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! println {
-    () => ($crate::print!("\n"));
-    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::print!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
-
-/// Prints the given formatted string to the VGA text buffer
-/// through the global `WRITER` instance.
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
-    use core::fmt::Write;
-    use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
-
-    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
-        WRITER.lock().as_mut().unwrap().write_fmt(args).unwrap();
-    });
-}
-
-#[test_case]
-fn test_println_simple() {
-    println!("test_println_simple output");
-}
-
-#[test_case]
-fn test_println_many() {
-    for _ in 0..200 {
-        println!("test_println_many output");
-    }
-}
-
-#[test_case]
-fn test_println_output() {
-    use core::fmt::Write;
-    use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
-
-    let s = "Some test string that fits on a single line";
-    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
-        let mut writer = WRITER.lock();
-        writeln!(writer, "\n{}", s).expect("writeln failed");
-        for (i, c) in s.chars().enumerate() {
-            let screen_char = writer.buffer.chars[BUFFER_HEIGHT - 2][i].read();
-            assert_eq!(char::from(screen_char.ascii_character), c);
-        }
-    });
-}

src/gdt.rs

@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ struct Selectors {
 }
 
 pub fn init() {
-    use x86_64::instructions::segmentation::set_cs;
+    use x86_64::instructions::segmentation::{Segment, CS};
     use x86_64::instructions::tables::load_tss;
 
     GDT.0.load();
     unsafe {
-        set_cs(GDT.1.code_selector);
+        CS::set_reg(GDT.1.code_selector);
         load_tss(GDT.1.tss_selector);
     }
 }

src/interrupts.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{gdt, hlt_loop, print, println};
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use pic8259_simple::ChainedPics;
+use pic8259::ChainedPics;
 use spin;
 use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame, PageFaultErrorCode};
 
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ pub fn init_idt() {
     IDT.load();
 }
 
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame) {
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
     println!("EXCEPTION: BREAKPOINT\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
 }
 
 extern "x86-interrupt" fn page_fault_handler(
-    stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame,
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame,
     error_code: PageFaultErrorCode,
 ) {
     use x86_64::registers::control::Cr2;
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ extern "x86-interrupt" fn page_fault_handler(
 }
 
 extern "x86-interrupt" fn double_fault_handler(
-    stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame,
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame,
     _error_code: u64,
 ) -> ! {
     panic!("EXCEPTION: DOUBLE FAULT\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
 }
 
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn timer_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame) {
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn timer_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
     print!(".");
     unsafe {
         PICS.lock()
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ extern "x86-interrupt" fn timer_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: &mut InterruptSt
     }
 }
 
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn keyboard_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame) {
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn keyboard_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
     use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
 
     let mut port = Port::new(0x60);

src/lib.rs

@@ -3,24 +3,20 @@
 #![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
 #![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
 #![feature(alloc_error_handler)]
-#![feature(const_fn)]
+#![feature(const_mut_refs)]
-#![feature(const_in_array_repeat_expressions)]
-#![feature(wake_trait)]
 #![test_runner(crate::test_runner)]
 #![reexport_test_harness_main = "test_main"]
 
 extern crate alloc;
-extern crate rlibc;
-
 use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 
 pub mod allocator;
-pub mod framebuffer;
 pub mod gdt;
 pub mod interrupts;
 pub mod memory;
 pub mod serial;
 pub mod task;
+pub mod vga_buffer;
 
 pub fn init() {
     gdt::init();

src/main.rs

@@ -13,19 +13,17 @@ use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 
 entry_point!(kernel_main);
 
-fn kernel_main(boot_info: &'static mut BootInfo) -> ! {
+fn kernel_main(boot_info: &'static BootInfo) -> ! {
     use blog_os::allocator;
     use blog_os::memory::{self, BootInfoFrameAllocator};
     use x86_64::VirtAddr;
 
-    blog_os::framebuffer::init(boot_info.framebuffer.as_mut().unwrap());
-
     println!("Hello World{}", "!");
     blog_os::init();
 
-    let phys_mem_offset = VirtAddr::new(boot_info.physical_memory_offset.unwrap());
+    let phys_mem_offset = VirtAddr::new(boot_info.physical_memory_offset);
     let mut mapper = unsafe { memory::init(phys_mem_offset) };
-    let mut frame_allocator = unsafe { BootInfoFrameAllocator::init(&boot_info.memory_regions) };
+    let mut frame_allocator = unsafe { BootInfoFrameAllocator::init(&boot_info.memory_map) };
 
     allocator::init_heap(&mut mapper, &mut frame_allocator).expect("heap initialization failed");
 
@@ -42,9 +40,6 @@ fn kernel_main(boot_info: &'static mut BootInfo) -> ! {
 #[cfg(not(test))]
 #[panic_handler]
 fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    unsafe {
-        blog_os::framebuffer::WRITER.force_unlock();
-    };
     println!("{}", info);
     blog_os::hlt_loop();
 }

src/memory.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-use bootloader::memory_map::{MemoryRegion, MemoryRegionKind};
+use bootloader::bootinfo::{MemoryMap, MemoryRegionType};
 use x86_64::{
-    structures::paging::{
+    structures::paging::{FrameAllocator, OffsetPageTable, PageTable, PhysFrame, Size4KiB},
-        FrameAllocator, Mapper, OffsetPageTable, Page, PageTable, PhysFrame, Size4KiB,
-    },
     PhysAddr, VirtAddr,
 };
 
@@ -35,24 +33,6 @@ unsafe fn active_level_4_table(physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr) -> &'static mut
     &mut *page_table_ptr // unsafe
 }
 
-/// Creates an example mapping for the given page to frame `0xb8000`.
-pub fn create_example_mapping(
-    page: Page,
-    mapper: &mut OffsetPageTable,
-    frame_allocator: &mut impl FrameAllocator<Size4KiB>,
-) {
-    use x86_64::structures::paging::PageTableFlags as Flags;
-
-    let frame = PhysFrame::containing_address(PhysAddr::new(0xb8000));
-    let flags = Flags::PRESENT | Flags::WRITABLE;
-
-    let map_to_result = unsafe {
-        // FIXME: this is not safe, we do it only for testing
-        mapper.map_to(page, frame, flags, frame_allocator)
-    };
-    map_to_result.expect("map_to failed").flush();
-}
-
 /// A FrameAllocator that always returns `None`.
 pub struct EmptyFrameAllocator;
 
@@ -64,7 +44,7 @@ unsafe impl FrameAllocator<Size4KiB> for EmptyFrameAllocator {
 
 /// A FrameAllocator that returns usable frames from the bootloader's memory map.
 pub struct BootInfoFrameAllocator {
-    memory_map: &'static [MemoryRegion],
+    memory_map: &'static MemoryMap,
     next: usize,
 }
 
@@ -74,7 +54,7 @@ impl BootInfoFrameAllocator {
     /// This function is unsafe because the caller must guarantee that the passed
     /// memory map is valid. The main requirement is that all frames that are marked
     /// as `USABLE` in it are really unused.
-    pub unsafe fn init(memory_map: &'static [MemoryRegion]) -> Self {
+    pub unsafe fn init(memory_map: &'static MemoryMap) -> Self {
         BootInfoFrameAllocator {
             memory_map,
             next: 0,
@@ -85,9 +65,9 @@ impl BootInfoFrameAllocator {
     fn usable_frames(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = PhysFrame> {
         // get usable regions from memory map
         let regions = self.memory_map.iter();
-        let usable_regions = regions.filter(|r| r.kind == MemoryRegionKind::Usable);
+        let usable_regions = regions.filter(|r| r.region_type == MemoryRegionType::Usable);
         // map each region to its address range
-        let addr_ranges = usable_regions.map(|r| r.start..r.end);
+        let addr_ranges = usable_regions.map(|r| r.range.start_addr()..r.range.end_addr());
         // transform to an iterator of frame start addresses
         let frame_addresses = addr_ranges.flat_map(|r| r.step_by(4096));
         // create `PhysFrame` types from the start addresses

src/task/executor.rs

@@ -62,11 +62,11 @@ impl Executor {
     }
 
     fn sleep_if_idle(&self) {
-        use x86_64::instructions::interrupts::{self, enable_interrupts_and_hlt};
+        use x86_64::instructions::interrupts::{self, enable_and_hlt};
 
         interrupts::disable();
         if self.task_queue.is_empty() {
-            enable_interrupts_and_hlt();
+            enable_and_hlt();
         } else {
             interrupts::enable();
         }

src/vga_buffer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+use core::fmt;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use spin::Mutex;
+use volatile::Volatile;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    /// A global `Writer` instance that can be used for printing to the VGA text buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Used by the `print!` and `println!` macros.
+    pub static ref WRITER: Mutex<Writer> = Mutex::new(Writer {
+        column_position: 0,
+        color_code: ColorCode::new(Color::Yellow, Color::Black),
+        buffer: unsafe { &mut *(0xb8000 as *mut Buffer) },
+    });
+}
+
+/// The standard color palette in VGA text mode.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum Color {
+    Black = 0,
+    Blue = 1,
+    Green = 2,
+    Cyan = 3,
+    Red = 4,
+    Magenta = 5,
+    Brown = 6,
+    LightGray = 7,
+    DarkGray = 8,
+    LightBlue = 9,
+    LightGreen = 10,
+    LightCyan = 11,
+    LightRed = 12,
+    Pink = 13,
+    Yellow = 14,
+    White = 15,
+}
+
+/// A combination of a foreground and a background color.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+struct ColorCode(u8);
+
+impl ColorCode {
+    /// Create a new `ColorCode` with the given foreground and background colors.
+    fn new(foreground: Color, background: Color) -> ColorCode {
+        ColorCode((background as u8) << 4 | (foreground as u8))
+    }
+}
+
+/// A screen character in the VGA text buffer, consisting of an ASCII character and a `ColorCode`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(C)]
+struct ScreenChar {
+    ascii_character: u8,
+    color_code: ColorCode,
+}
+
+/// The height of the text buffer (normally 25 lines).
+const BUFFER_HEIGHT: usize = 25;
+/// The width of the text buffer (normally 80 columns).
+const BUFFER_WIDTH: usize = 80;
+
+/// A structure representing the VGA text buffer.
+#[repr(transparent)]
+struct Buffer {
+    chars: [[Volatile<ScreenChar>; BUFFER_WIDTH]; BUFFER_HEIGHT],
+}
+
+/// A writer type that allows writing ASCII bytes and strings to an underlying `Buffer`.
+///
+/// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports newline characters and implements the
+/// `core::fmt::Write` trait.
+pub struct Writer {
+    column_position: usize,
+    color_code: ColorCode,
+    buffer: &'static mut Buffer,
+}
+
+impl Writer {
+    /// Writes an ASCII byte to the buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports the `\n` newline character.
+    pub fn write_byte(&mut self, byte: u8) {
+        match byte {
+            b'\n' => self.new_line(),
+            byte => {
+                if self.column_position >= BUFFER_WIDTH {
+                    self.new_line();
+                }
+
+                let row = BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1;
+                let col = self.column_position;
+
+                let color_code = self.color_code;
+                self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(ScreenChar {
+                    ascii_character: byte,
+                    color_code,
+                });
+                self.column_position += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Writes the given ASCII string to the buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports the `\n` newline character. Does **not**
+    /// support strings with non-ASCII characters, since they can't be printed in the VGA text
+    /// mode.
+    fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        for byte in s.bytes() {
+            match byte {
+                // printable ASCII byte or newline
+                0x20..=0x7e | b'\n' => self.write_byte(byte),
+                // not part of printable ASCII range
+                _ => self.write_byte(0xfe),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Shifts all lines one line up and clears the last row.
+    fn new_line(&mut self) {
+        for row in 1..BUFFER_HEIGHT {
+            for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
+                let character = self.buffer.chars[row][col].read();
+                self.buffer.chars[row - 1][col].write(character);
+            }
+        }
+        self.clear_row(BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1);
+        self.column_position = 0;
+    }
+
+    /// Clears a row by overwriting it with blank characters.
+    fn clear_row(&mut self, row: usize) {
+        let blank = ScreenChar {
+            ascii_character: b' ',
+            color_code: self.color_code,
+        };
+        for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
+            self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(blank);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Write for Writer {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.write_string(s);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Like the `print!` macro in the standard library, but prints to the VGA text buffer.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! print {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::vga_buffer::_print(format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+/// Like the `println!` macro in the standard library, but prints to the VGA text buffer.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! println {
+    () => ($crate::print!("\n"));
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::print!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+/// Prints the given formatted string to the VGA text buffer
+/// through the global `WRITER` instance.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
+    use core::fmt::Write;
+    use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
+
+    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
+        WRITER.lock().write_fmt(args).unwrap();
+    });
+}
+
+#[test_case]
+fn test_println_simple() {
+    println!("test_println_simple output");
+}
+
+#[test_case]
+fn test_println_many() {
+    for _ in 0..200 {
+        println!("test_println_many output");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test_case]
+fn test_println_output() {
+    use core::fmt::Write;
+    use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
+
+    let s = "Some test string that fits on a single line";
+    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
+        let mut writer = WRITER.lock();
+        writeln!(writer, "\n{}", s).expect("writeln failed");
+        for (i, c) in s.chars().enumerate() {
+            let screen_char = writer.buffer.chars[BUFFER_HEIGHT - 2][i].read();
+            assert_eq!(char::from(screen_char.ascii_character), c);
+        }
+    });
+}

tests/heap_allocation.rs

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ fn main(boot_info: &'static BootInfo) -> ! {
     use x86_64::VirtAddr;
 
     blog_os::init();
-    let phys_mem_offset = VirtAddr::new(boot_info.physical_memory_offset.unwrap());
+    let phys_mem_offset = VirtAddr::new(boot_info.physical_memory_offset);
     let mut mapper = unsafe { memory::init(phys_mem_offset) };
-    let mut frame_allocator = unsafe { BootInfoFrameAllocator::init(&boot_info.memory_regions) };
+    let mut frame_allocator = unsafe { BootInfoFrameAllocator::init(&boot_info.memory_map) };
     allocator::init_heap(&mut mapper, &mut frame_allocator).expect("heap initialization failed");
 
     test_main();

tests/stack_overflow.rs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ pub fn init_test_idt() {
 }
 
 extern "x86-interrupt" fn test_double_fault_handler(
-    _stack_frame: &mut InterruptStackFrame,
+    _stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame,
     _error_code: u64,
 ) -> ! {
     serial_println!("[ok]");