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Philipp Oppermann
2019-09-29 15:24:21 +02:00
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blog/content/second-edition/posts/04-testing/index.md
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@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ This blog is openly developed on [GitHub]. If you have any problems or questions
This post replaces the (now deprecated) [_Unit Testing_] and [_Integration Tests_] posts. It assumes that you have followed the [_A Minimal Rust Kernel_] post after 2019-04-27. Mainly, it requires that you have a `.cargo/config` file that [sets a default target] and [defines a runner executable].
[_Unit Testing_]: ./second-edition/posts/deprecated/04-unit-testing/index.md
[_Integration Tests_]: ./second-edition/posts/deprecated/05-integration-tests/index.md
[_A Minimal Rust Kernel_]: ./second-edition/posts/02-minimal-rust-kernel/index.md
[sets a default target]: ./second-edition/posts/02-minimal-rust-kernel/index.md#set-a-default-target
[defines a runner executable]: ./second-edition/posts/02-minimal-rust-kernel/index.md#using-cargo-run
[_Unit Testing_]: @/second-edition/posts/deprecated/04-unit-testing/index.md
[_Integration Tests_]: @/second-edition/posts/deprecated/05-integration-tests/index.md
[_A Minimal Rust Kernel_]: @/second-edition/posts/02-minimal-rust-kernel/index.md
[sets a default target]: @/second-edition/posts/02-minimal-rust-kernel/index.md#set-a-default-target
[defines a runner executable]: @/second-edition/posts/02-minimal-rust-kernel/index.md#using-cargo-run
## Testing in Rust
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Together with the device name (`isa-debug-exit`), we pass the two parameters `io
There are two different approaches for communicating between the CPU and peripheral hardware on x86, **memory-mapped I/O** and **port-mapped I/O**. We already used memory-mapped I/O for accessing the [VGA text buffer] through the memory address `0xb8000`. This address is not mapped to RAM, but to some memory on the VGA device.
[VGA text buffer]: ./second-edition/posts/03-vga-text-buffer/index.md
[VGA text buffer]: @/second-edition/posts/03-vga-text-buffer/index.md
In contrast, port-mapped I/O uses a separate I/O bus for communication. Each connected peripheral has one or more port numbers. To communicate with such an I/O port there are special CPU instructions called `in` and `out`, which take a port number and a data byte (there are also variations of these commands that allow sending an `u16` or `u32`).
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ Like with the [VGA text buffer][vga lazy-static], we use `lazy_static` and a spi
Like the `isa-debug-exit` device, the UART is programmed using port I/O. Since the UART is more complex, it uses multiple I/O ports for programming different device registers. The unsafe `SerialPort::new` function expects the address of the first I/O port of the UART as argument, from which it can calculate the addresses of all needed ports. We're passing the port address `0x3F8`, which is the standard port number for the first serial interface.
[vga lazy-static]: ./second-edition/posts/03-vga-text-buffer/index.md#lazy-statics
[vga lazy-static]: @/second-edition/posts/03-vga-text-buffer/index.md#lazy-statics
To make the serial port easily usable, we add `serial_print!` and `serial_println!` macros: