mirror of
https://github.com/phil-opp/blog_os.git
synced 2025-12-16 22:37:49 +00:00
Remove old content and add skeletons for new sections
This commit is contained in:
Philipp Oppermann
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ impl Frame {
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```
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Since we only need it in the entry submodule, we put it in a new `impl Frame` block in `entry.rs`.
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## Page Tables
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### Page Tables
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To model page tables, we create a basic `Table` struct in a new `table` submodule:
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```rust
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@@ -220,7 +220,6 @@ mov [p4_table + 511 * 8], eax
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```
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I put it right after the `setup_page_tables` label, but you can add it wherever you like.
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### The special addresses
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Now we can use special virtual addresses to access the page tables. The P4 table is available at `0xfffffffffffff000`. Let's add a P4 constant to the `table` submodule:
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```rust
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@@ -393,152 +392,134 @@ error: no method named `next_table` found for type
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`&memory::paging::table::Table<memory::paging::table::Level1>`
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in the current scope
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```
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Now remember that this is bare metal kernel code. We just used type system magic to make low-level page table manipulations safer. Rust is just awesome!
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Remember that this is bare metal kernel code. We just used type system magic to make low-level page table manipulations safer. Rust is just awesome!
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# OLD
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### Sign Extension
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The `Page::start_address` method doesn't exist yet. But it should be a simple `page.number * PAGE_SIZE`, right? Well, if the x86_64 architecture had true 64bit addresses, yes. But in reality the addresses are just 48bit long and the other bits are just _sign extension_, i.e. a copy of the most significant bit. That means that the address calculated by `page.number * PAGE_SIZE` is wrong if the 47th bit is used. Some examples:
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```
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invalid address: 0x0000_800000000000
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sign extension | 48bit address
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valid sign extension: 0xffff_800000000000
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```
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TODO graphic
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So the address space is split into two halves: the _higher half_ containing addresses with sign extension and the _lower half_ containing addresses without. And our `Page::start_address` method needs to respect this:
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## Translating Addresses
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Now let's do something useful with our new module. We will create a function that translates a virtual address to the corresponding physical address. We add it to the `paging/mod.rs` module:
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```rust
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pub fn start_address(&self) -> VirtualAddress {
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if self.number >= 0x800000000 {
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// sign extension necessary
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(self.number << 12) | 0xffff_000000000000
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} else {
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self.number << 12
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}
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}
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```
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The `0x800000000` is the start address of the higher half without the last four 0s (because it's a page _number_).
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## Translating addresses
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Now we can use the recursive mapping to translate virtual address manually. We will create a function that takes a virtual address and returns the corresponding physical address:
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```rust
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pub fn translate(virtual_address: usize) -> Option<PhysicalAddress> {
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let page = Page::containing_address(virtual_address);
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pub fn translate(virtual_address: VirtualAddress) -> Option<PhysicalAddress> {
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let offset = virtual_address % PAGE_SIZE;
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let frame_number = {
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let p4_entry = page.p4_table().entry(page.p4_index());
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assert!(!p4_entry.flags().contains(HUGE_PAGE));
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if !p4_entry.flags().contains(PRESENT) {
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return None;
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}
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let p3_entry = unsafe { page.p3_table() }.entry(page.p3_index());
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if !p3_entry.flags().contains(PRESENT) {
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return None;
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}
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if p3_entry.flags().contains(HUGE_PAGE) {
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// 1GiB page (address must be 1GiB aligned)
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let start_frame_number = p3_entry.pointed_frame().number;
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assert!(start_frame_number % (ENTRY_COUNT * ENTRY_COUNT) == 0);
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start_frame_number + page.p2_index() * ENTRY_COUNT + page.p1_index()
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} else {
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// 2MiB or 4KiB page
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let p2_entry = unsafe { page.p2_table() }.entry(page.p2_index());
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if !p2_entry.flags().contains(PRESENT) {
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return None;
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}
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if p2_entry.flags().contains(HUGE_PAGE) {
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// 2MiB page (address must be 2MiB aligned)
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let start_frame_number = p2_entry.pointed_frame().number;
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assert!(start_frame_number % ENTRY_COUNT == 0);
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start_frame_number + page.p1_index()
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} else {
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// standard 4KiB page
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let p1_entry = unsafe { page.p1_table() }.entry(page.p1_index());
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assert!(!p1_entry.flags().contains(HUGE_PAGE));
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if !p1_entry.flags().contains(PRESENT) {
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return None;
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}
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p1_entry.pointed_frame().number
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}
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}
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};
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Some(frame_number * PAGE_SIZE + offset)
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translate_page(Page::containing_address(virtual_address))
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.map(|frame| frame.number * PAGE_SIZE + offset)
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}
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```
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(It's just some naive code and feels quite repeative… I'm open for alternative solutions)
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It uses two functions we haven't defined yet: `Page::containing_address` and `translate_page`. Let's start with the former:
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```rust
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fn containing_address(address: VirtualAddress) -> Page {
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assert!(address < 0x0000_8000_0000_0000 || address >= 0xffff_8000_0000_0000,
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"invalid address: 0x{:x}", address);
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Page { number: address / PAGE_SIZE }
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}
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```
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The assertion is needed because there can be invalid addresses. Addresses on x86 are just 48-bit long and the other bits are just _sign extension_, i.e. a copy of the most significant bit. For example:
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```
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invalid address: 0x0000_8000_0000_0000
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valid address: 0xffff_8000_0000_0000
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└── bit 47
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```
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So the address space is split into two halves: the _higher half_ containing addresses with sign extension and the _lower half_ containing addresses without. Everything in between is invalid.
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TODO: The `translate_page` function looks like this:
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```rust
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fn translate_page(page: Page) -> Option<Frame> {
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let p4 = unsafe { &*P4 };
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let huge_page = || None; // TODO
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p4.next_table(page.p4_index())
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.and_then(|p3| p3.next_table(page.p3_index()))
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.and_then(|p2| p2.next_table(page.p2_index()))
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.and_then(|p1| p1[page.p1_index()].pointed_frame())
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.or_else(huge_page)
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}
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```
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TODO
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## Modifying Entries
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To modify page table entries, we add a `set_entry` function to `Table`:
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### Safety
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TODO lock/controller
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### Huge Pages
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The `huge_page` closure looks like this:
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```rust
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fn set_entry(&mut self, index: usize, value: TableEntry) {
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assert!(index < ENTRY_COUNT);
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let entry_address = self.0.start_address() + index * ENTRY_SIZE;
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unsafe { *(entry_address as *mut _) = value }
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}
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```
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And to create new entries, we add some `TableEntry` constructors:
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```rust
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const fn unused() -> TableEntry {
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TableEntry(0)
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}
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fn new(frame: Frame, flags: TableEntryFlags) -> TableEntry {
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let frame_addr = (frame.number << 12) & 0x000fffff_fffff000;
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TableEntry((frame_addr as u64) | flags.bits())
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}
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let huge_page = || {
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p4.next_table(page.p4_index())
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.and_then(|p3| {
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// 1GiB page?
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if p3[page.p3_index()].flags().contains(HUGE_PAGE | PRESENT) {
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let start_frame_number = p3[page.p3_index()].pointed_frame().unwrap().number;
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// address must be 1GiB aligned
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assert!(start_frame_number % (ENTRY_COUNT * ENTRY_COUNT) == 0);
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return Some(start_frame_number + page.p2_index() * ENTRY_COUNT + page.p1_index());
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}
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if let Some(p2) = p3.next_table(page.p3_index()) {
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// 2MiB page?
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if p2[page.p2_index()].flags().contains(HUGE_PAGE | PRESENT) {
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let start_frame_number = p2[page.p2_index()].pointed_frame().unwrap().number;
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// address must be 2MiB aligned
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assert!(start_frame_number % ENTRY_COUNT == 0);
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return Some(start_frame_number + page.p1_index());
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}
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}
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None
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})
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.map(|start_frame_number| Frame { number: start_frame_number })
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};
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```
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TODO + FIXME (ugly)
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## Mapping Pages
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To map
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TODO lock etc
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```rust
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pub fn map_to<A>(page: &Page, frame: Frame, flags: TableEntryFlags,
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allocator: &mut A) where A: FrameAllocator
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pub fn map_to<A>(page: &Page, frame: Frame, flags: EntryFlags, allocator: &mut A)
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where A: FrameAllocator
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{
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let p4_index = page.p4_index();
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let p3_index = page.p3_index();
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let p2_index = page.p2_index();
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let p1_index = page.p1_index();
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let p4 = unsafe { &mut *P4 };
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let mut p3 = p4.next_table_create(page.p4_index(), allocator);
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let mut p2 = p3.next_table_create(page.p3_index(), allocator);
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let mut p1 = p2.next_table_create(page.p2_index(), allocator);
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let mut p4 = page.p4_table();
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if !p4.entry(p4_index).flags().contains(PRESENT) {
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assert!(p1[page.p1_index()].is_unused());
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p1[page.p1_index()].set(frame, flags | PRESENT);
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}
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```
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```rust
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pub fn next_table_create<A>(&mut self,
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index: usize,
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allocator: &mut A)
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-> &mut Table<L::NextLevel>
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where A: FrameAllocator
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{
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if let None = self.next_table_address(index) {
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assert!(!self.entries[index].flags().contains(HUGE_PAGE),
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"mapping code does not support huge pages");
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let frame = allocator.allocate_frame().expect("no frames available");
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p4.set_entry(p4_index, TableEntry::new(frame, PRESENT | WRITABLE));
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unsafe { page.p3_table() }.zero();
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self.entries[index].set(frame, PRESENT | WRITABLE);
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self.next_table_mut(index).unwrap().zero();
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}
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let mut p3 = unsafe { page.p3_table() };
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if !p3.entry(p3_index).flags().contains(PRESENT) {
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let frame = allocator.allocate_frame().expect("no frames available");
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p3.set_entry(p3_index, TableEntry::new(frame, PRESENT | WRITABLE));
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unsafe { page.p2_table() }.zero();
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}
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let mut p2 = unsafe { page.p2_table() };
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if !p2.entry(p2_index).flags().contains(PRESENT) {
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let frame = allocator.allocate_frame().expect("no frames available");
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p2.set_entry(p2_index, TableEntry::new(frame, PRESENT | WRITABLE));
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unsafe { page.p1_table() }.zero();
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}
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let mut p1 = unsafe { page.p1_table() };
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assert!(!p1.entry(p1_index).flags().contains(PRESENT));
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p1.set_entry(p1_index, TableEntry::new(frame, flags));
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self.next_table_mut(index).unwrap()
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}
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```
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```rust
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pub fn map<A>(page: &Page, flags: EntryFlags, allocator: &mut A)
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where A: FrameAllocator
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{
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let frame = allocator.allocate_frame().expect("out of memory");
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map_to(page, frame, flags, allocator)
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}
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```
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## Unmapping Pages
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TODO
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## Modifying Inactive Tables
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## Switching Page Tables
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