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Merge pull request #221 from phil-opp/cross-compile-core

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Use rustup for cross compiling and also explain xargo
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Philipp Oppermann
2016-09-22 15:59:20 +02:00
committed by GitHub
parent f8151580de 901ca7f2ed
commit 379ca660ae
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50
blog/additional-resource/cross-compile-libcore.md
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title = "Cross Compiling: libcore"
+++
So you're getting an ``error: can't find crate for `core` [E0463]`` when using `--target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`. That means that you're not running Linux or not using using a x86_64 processor.
If you get an `error: can't find crate for 'core'`, you're probably compiling for a different target (e.g. you're passing the `target` option to `cargo build`). Now the compiler complains that it can't find the `core` library. This document gives a quick overview how to fix this problem. For more details, see the [rust-cross] project.
**If you have an x86_64 processor and want a quick fix**, try it with `x86_64-pc-windows-gnu` or `x86_64-apple-darwin` (or simply omit the explicit `--target`).
The idiomatic alternative and the only option for non x86_64 CPUs is described below. Note that you need to [cross compile binutils], too.
[cross compile binutils]: /cross-compile-binutils.html
[rust-cross]: https://github.com/japaric/rust-cross
## Libcore
The core library is a dependency-free library that is added implicitly when using `#![no_std]`. It provides basic standard library features like Option or Iterator. The core library is installed together with the rust compiler (just like the std library). But the installed libcore is specific to your architecture. If you aren't working on x86_64 Linux and pass `‑‑target x86_64‑unknown‑linux‑gnu` to cargo, it can't find a x86_64 libcore. To fix this, you can either download it or build it using cargo.
The core library is a dependency-free library that is added implicitly when using `#![no_std]`. It provides basic standard library features like Option or Iterator. The core library is installed together with the rust compiler (just like the std library). But the installed libcore is specific to your architecture. If you aren't working on x86_64 Linux and pass `‑‑target x86_64‑unknown‑linux‑gnu` to cargo, it can't find a x86_64 libcore. To fix this, you can either use `rustup` or `xargo`.
## Download it
You need to download the 64-bit Linux Rust build corresponding to your installed nightly. You can either just update to the current nightly and download the current nightly source [here][Rust downloads]. Or you retrieve your installed version through `rustc --version` and search the corresponding subfolder [here](http://static.rust-lang.org/dist/).
[Rust downloads]: https://www.rust-lang.org/downloads.html
## rustup
Thanks to [rustup], cross-compilation for [official target triples] is pretty easy today: Just execute `rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`.
After extracting it and you need to copy the `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu` folder in `rust-std-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib` to your local Rust installation. For multirust, the right target folder is `~/.multirust/toolchains/nightly/lib/rustlib`. That's it!
[rustup]: https://rustup.rs
[official target triples]: [target triple]: https://github.com/japaric/rust-cross#the-target-triple
## Build it using cargo
The alternative is to use cargo to build libcore. But this variant has one big disadvantage: You have to modify each crate you depend on because it needs to use the same libcore. So you can't just add a crates.io dependency anymore, you need to fork and modify it first.
## xargo
If you're using a _custom target specification_, the `rustup` method doesn't work. Instead, you can use [xargo]. Xargo is a wrapper for cargo that eases cross compilation. We can install it by executing:
If you want to build libcore anyway, you need its source code. You can either clone the [rust repository] \(makes updates easy) or manually [download the Rust source][Rust downloads] \(faster and less memory).
[rust repository]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust
Now we create a new cargo project named `core`, but delete its `src` folder:
```bash
cargo new core
rm -r core/src
```
Then we create a symbolic link named `src` to the `rust/src/libcore` of the Rust source code:
```bash
ln -s ../rust/src/libcore core/src
cargo install xargo
```
If the installation fails, make sure that you have `cmake` and the OpenSSL headers installed. For more details, see the xargo's [dependency section].
To use our new libcore crate (instead of the one installed together with rust) in our OS, we need to add it as a local dependency in the `Cargo.toml`:
[xargo]: https://github.com/japaric/xargo
[dependency section]: https://github.com/japaric/xargo#dependencies
```toml
...
[dependencies.core]
path = "core"
```
Now cargo compiles libcore for all Rust targets automatically.
Xargo is “a drop-in replacement for cargo”, so every cargo command also works with `xargo`. You can do e.g. `xargo --help`, `xargo clean`, or `xargo doc`. However, the `build` command gains additional functionality: `xargo build` will automatically cross compile the `core` library (and a few other libraries such as `alloc` and `collections`) when compiling for custom targets.
[xargo]: https://github.com/japaric/xargo
So if your custom target file is named `your-cool-target.json`, you can compile your code using xargo through `xargo build --target your-cool-target` (note the omitted extension).

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blog/post/03-set-up-rust.md
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[unwinding]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/unwinding.html
## Building Rust
We can now build it using `cargo build`. To make sure, we are building it for the x86_64 architecture, we can pass an explicit target:
We can now build it using `cargo build`. To make sure that we build it for the x86_64 architecture and that we use a Linux compatible format, we pass an explicit [target triple]:
[target triple]: https://github.com/japaric/rust-cross#the-target-triple
```bash
cargo build --target=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
```
It creates a static library at `target/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/debug/libblog_os.a`, which can be linked with our assembly kernel. If you're getting an error about a missing `core` crate, [look here][cross compile libcore].
[cross compile libcore]: {{% relref "cross-compile-libcore.md" %}}
This command creates a static library at `target/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/debug/libblog_os.a`, which can be linked with our assembly kernel.
(If you're getting an error about a missing `core` crate, you're probably using a host system with a different target triple. You can easily resolve this by executing `rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`. This command will install the pre-compiled standard libraries for this target, including the missing `core` crate.)
To build and link the rust library on `make`, we extend our `Makefile`([full file][github makefile]):